California Court of Appeal Jan 5, 2024 No. E081918Unpublished
Filed 1/5/24 In re M.W. CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
In re M.W., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law.
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, E081918
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super.Ct.No. J291700)
v. OPINION
J.B.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Cara D. Hutson,
Judge. Affirmed.
Melissa A. Chaitin, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
Tom Bunton, County Counsel, Svetlana Kauper, Deputy County Counsel for
Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
The juvenile court terminated the parental rights of J.B. (Mother) to her son,
in favor of Mother on the parent-child benefit exception (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i)).
We affirm.
DISCUSSION
A. LACK OF AN EXPRESS ANALYSIS
The parent-child benefit exception to terminating parental rights applies when
“[t]he parents have maintained regular visitation and contact with the child and the child
would benefit from continuing the relationship.” (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) In
Caden C., our Supreme Court wrote, “As to the second element, courts assess whether
‘the child would benefit from continuing the relationship.’ (§ 366.26, subd.
(c)(1)(B)(i).) Again here, the focus is the child. And the relationship may be shaped by
a slew of factors, such as ‘[t]he age of the child, the portion of the child’s life spent in
the parent’s custody, the “positive” or “negative” effect of interaction between parent
and child, and the child’s particular needs.’ ” (Caden C., supra, 11 Cal.5th at p. 632.)
At the hearing to terminate parental rights, Mother’s attorney urged the juvenile
court to apply the parent-child benefit exception to termination. When describing the
1 All subsequent statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
2
second element—whether M.W. would benefit from continuing the relationship with
Mother—Mother’s attorney explained some of the factors within that element: “the age
of the child, the portion of the child’s life spent with the parent in her custody, and the
child’s particular needs.” Mother’s attorney asserted that M.W. spent the majority of
his life with Mother—four out of six years.
In response, M.W.’s attorney argued in favor of terminating parental rights.
M.W.’s attorney said, “The parents have both cited Caden C.” M.W.’s attorney
contended Mother’s visits were detrimental to M.W. in that M.W. engaged in negative
behaviors for several days after visits with Mother.
San Bernardino County Children and Family Services (the Department) argued
that Mother “met the first prong of Caden C.” by regularly visiting M.W. but “that’s the
only prong that she meets.” The Department continued, “[I]n regards to the second
prong of Caden C. it states that the children have [a] substantial, positive emotional
attachment to [the] parents. The kind implying that he would benefit from continuing
that relationship.” The Department argued that M.W.’s poor behavior at school for
several days after visits with Mother “can negatively affect him in his future so . . . that
prong is not met.”
The Department explained that the third step in the parent-child benefit analysis
is balancing the detriment to M.W. of terminating parental rights against the benefit to
M.W. of adoption. The Department contended that M.W. is young, at six years old, and
he would greatly benefit from 12 years in a stable adoptive home.
3
After the attorneys finished their arguments, the juvenile court said, “The Court
finds termination of parental rights would not be detrimental to [M.W.] and there’s no
exception to .2[6](c)(1) so the Court will grant the order of terminating parental rights.”
The juvenile court did not state its reasons for finding that the parent-child benefit
exception did not apply. However, given that the attorneys’ arguments were focused on
Caden C., it is reasonable to infer that the juvenile court found Mother did not satisfy
the Caden C. factors.
Mother contends, “because the juvenile court failed to (1) address the elements
and factors articulated in Caden C., (2) explain the factual basis for its findings,
(3) engage in any subtle analysis of [M.W.’s] emotional attachment to his mother, it is
impossible for this reviewing Court to affirm the findings and order terminating parental
rights.”
In her appellant’s reply brief, Mother concedes that there is no authority
requiring the juvenile court to state its analysis on the record. However, Mother
contends that without an expressly stated analysis, “it is difficult, if not impossible, to
ascertain whether the [juvenile] court relied on impermissible factors.” Mother’s
argument would be better presented to the Legislature. Mother is correct that one can
better review the process when the trial court “shows its work,” i.e., expressly states its
reasoning. However, as Mother concedes, the law does not require the juvenile court to
state on the record its reasons for rejecting a parent’s argument for an exception to
termination. Therefore, while a statement of reasons would be the best practice, it is not
reversible error to omit a statement of reasons.
4
B. FINDING THAT THE EXCEPTION DOES NOT APPLY
Mother asserts that she should have prevailed under a Caden C. analysis, i.e.,
Mother asserts substantial evidence does not support the juvenile court’s finding.
Mother urges this court to follow In re E.T. (2018) 31 Cal.App.5th 68, 77, in which the
appellate court wrote, “The standard is whether the children benefit from Mother’s
presence in their lives, not whether they could eventually be happy without her.” For
the sake of addressing Mother’s argument, we will apply the foregoing benefit standard.
“ ‘We apply the substantial evidence standard of review to the factual issue of the
existence of a beneficial parental relationship.” (Id. at p. 76.)
M.W. was removed from Mother’s custody in December 2021 due to Mother’s
boyfriend physically abusing M.W.; Mother and M.W.’s father having engaged in
domestic violence in the presence of M.W.; Mother’s drug abuse negatively impacting
her child care; and M.W.’s half sibling “sustaining an orbital fracture, a skull fracture to
the left of his forehead, and black and blue bruising to the face.”
In February 2023, the Department reported that M.W. was “receiving mental
health services . . . to address outburst[s], verbal aggression and nightmares. The [foster
parent] shares that the child has decreased these behaviors and that therapy treatments
have further decreased [them].” In June 2023, the Department wrote in its report,
“[M.W.’s foster mother] reported that [M.W.] will have a different attitude, he will not
listen, and he tends to get into trouble at school for two to three days after the visits
[with Mother].” Mother’s parental rights to M.W. were terminated in August 2023.
5
The foregoing is substantial evidence supporting the finding that Mother’s
relationship with M.W. had a negative effect on M.W. because he suffered nightmares
and had aggressive behaviors following his time with her, which improved during his
time in foster care. M.W. regressed after visiting Mother. The evidence reflects that
Mother was not a beneficial presence in M.W.’s life. Accordingly, substantial evidence
supports the juvenile court’s determination that the parent-child benefit exception does
not apply in this case.
DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
MILLER J.
We concur:
McKINSTER Acting P. J.
FIELDS J.
6
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The juvenile court did not err by failing to state its reasoning on the record when terminating parental rights, and substantial evidence supported the court's finding that the parent-child benefit exception did not apply.
Issues
Whether the juvenile court committed reversible error by failing to expressly state its analysis of the parent-child benefit exception on the record.
Whether substantial evidence supports the juvenile court's finding that the parent-child benefit exception did not apply to the termination of parental rights.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“the law does not require the juvenile court to state on the record its reasons for rejecting a parent’s argument for an exception to termination.”
“substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s determination that the parent-child benefit exception does not apply in this case.”