California Court of Appeal Dec 26, 2023 No. E080499Unpublished
Filed 12/26/23 Marriage of Thomas CA4/2 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
In re the Marriage of SILVIA AND KEVIN THOMAS. SILVIA THOMAS,
Respondent, E080499
v. (Super.Ct.No. FAMVS1201417)
KEVIN THOMAS, OPINION
Appellant;
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SUPPORT SERVICES,
Respondent.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Damian G. Garcia,
Judge. Affirmed.
Kevin Thomas, in pro. per., for Appellant.
No appearance for Respondents.
Kevin Thomas appeals from the family court’s order denying his request to set
aside a voluntary declaration of parentage (VDOP). We affirm.
1
BACKGROUND
In May 2015, the family court entered a judgment dissolving the marriage of
Kevin and Silvia Thomas. (We refer to the parties by their first names because of their
shared last name. No disrespect is intended.) The judgment gave the parties joint legal
custody of their minor son and granted Silvia primary physical custody. The court
ordered Kevin to pay $510 per month in child support.
In April 2022, Kevin filed a request to set aside a VDOP concerning the parties’
son. Kevin checked the box on the form (Judicial Council form FL-280) indicating that
he wanted to set aside the VDOP for fraud. Other sections of the form asked for the
names of the people who signed the VDOP and the date that it was signed. In those
sections, Kevin wrote “N/A.”
Kevin’s declaration in support of the request stated that the Department of Child
Support Services (DCSS) did not inform him of the legal consequences that arise from
signing a VDOP. The legal consequences that he identified included wage garnishment,
reporting of arrearages to credit agencies, seizure of assets held by financial institutions,
liens on property, seizure of income tax refunds, imprisonment and fines, and several
other claimed consequences. Kevin declared that he would not have signed the VDOP if
he had known of the legal consequences.
Kevin also submitted a letter from DCSS dated February 2022. It appeared to be a
response to his attempt to rescind the VDOP. The letter stated that DCSS had no record
of a VDOP for the parties’ son.
2
According to the register of actions, Kevin filed an amended request to set aside
the VDOP, and DCSS filed a responsive declaration. The record on appeal does not
include those documents.
The court held a hearing on Kevin’s request in August 2022. The record does not
include a reporter’s transcript of those proceedings. According to the minute order from
the hearing, the court denied without prejudice Kevin’s request to set aside the VDOP.
DISCUSSION
Kevin asserts that the court determined that his request to set aside the VDOP was
untimely. He argues that the court erred, because “there is no untimely filing when
attacking a void judgment.” (Capitalization omitted.) The argument lacks merit.
The Legislature authorized VDOP’s in part to implement a “‘simple system’” for
establishing voluntary parentage “as a ‘first step toward a child support award.’” (Kevin
Q. v. Lauren W. (2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 1119, 1131.) An executed VDOP takes effect
when it is filed with DCSS. (Fam. Code, § 7573, subd. (c); unlabeled statutory citations
refer to this code.) Either signatory may rescind the VDOP within 60 days of execution
by filing a rescission form with DCSS. (§ 7575, subd. (a).) A signatory also has two
years from the effective date of the VDOP to commence a proceeding to challenge the
declaration on the basis of fraud, duress, or material mistake of fact. (§ 7576, subd. (a).)
In addition, section 7573.5 identifies a number of conditions that render a VDOP void at
the time of signing. (§ 7573.5, subd. (a)(1)-(6).) The two-year limitations period does
not apply to proceedings to challenge a VDOP as void under section 7573.5. (§ 7576,
subd. (b).)
3
We presume that the trial court’s order is correct. (Demara v. The Raymond Corp.
(2017) 13 Cal.App.5th 545, 552.) We review the court’s ruling, not its reasoning, and
“we may affirm a decision correct on any theory regardless of the trial court’s reasoning.”
(Doe v. McLaughlin (2022) 83 Cal.App.5th 640, 653, fn. 8.) The appellant bears the
burden of demonstrating prejudicial error. (Demara, supra, at p. 552.)
Kevin fails to show that the court erred here. Nothing in the record demonstrates
that the court denied his request as untimely. Instead, his moving papers demonstrate that
there was no record of a VDOP concerning the parties’ son. It was not possible for the
court to set aside a VDOP that did not exist. The court therefore did not err by denying
his request to set aside a nonexistent VDOP.
Assuming for the sake of argument that the claimed VDOP does exist, Kevin still
has not shown that the court erred. He challenged the VDOP on the basis of fraud. Such
a challenge is subject to a two-year limitations period. His claim that there can be “no
untimely filing” is therefore incorrect. (Capitalization omitted.) And although a
challenge to a VDOP as void under section 7573.5 is not subject to the limitations period,
Kevin’s request did not challenge the VDOP under that statute. Nothing in his moving
papers established any of the conditions that render a VDOP void at the time of signing.
For example, he did not show that someone other than him or Silvia was already a
presumed parent, that a court had already entered a judgment of parentage, or that another
person had already signed a valid VDOP. (§ 7573.5, subd. (a)(1)-(3).)
Similarly, Kevin’s opening brief on appeal does not argue that the VDOP was void
under section 7573.5. He instead refers repeatedly to a “void judgment” and argues that
4
DCSS violated his due process rights in a number of ways. To the extent that Kevin is
seeking to challenge the judgment ordering child support as void, such a challenge is not
properly before us. He did not file a motion to set aside the May 2015 judgment in this
case. He filed a request to set aside the VDOP. We are reviewing only the order denying
that request.
For all of these reasons, the court did not err by denying Kevin’s request to set
aside the VDOP.1
DISPOSITION
The order denying the request to set aside the VDOP is affirmed. Silvia and
DCSS shall recover their costs of appeal, if any. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.278(a)(1).)
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
MENETREZ J.
We concur:
McKINSTER Acting P. J. CODRINGTON J.
1 Kevin requests that we take judicial notice of the summons that Silvia served and filed in this case. We deny the request because the summons is irrelevant and unnecessary to our resolution of this appeal. (County of San Diego v. State of California (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 580, 613, fn. 29.)
5
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court affirmed the denial of the appellant's request to set aside a voluntary declaration of parentage (VDOP), finding that the appellant failed to demonstrate error where the record indicated no such VDOP existed and the appellant failed to establish grounds for relief.
Issues
Whether the trial court erred in denying the appellant's request to set aside a voluntary declaration of parentage (VDOP).
Whether the appellant's challenge to the VDOP was subject to a two-year limitations period.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“It was not possible for the court to set aside a VDOP that did not exist. The court therefore did not err by denying his request to set aside a nonexistent VDOP.”
“He challenged the VDOP on the basis of fraud. Such a challenge is subject to a two-year limitations period.”