California Court of Appeal Jun 13, 2013 No. D062581Unpublished
Filed 6/13/13 P. v. Dunning CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D062581
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. JCF28873)
NICHOLAS DUNNING,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Imperial County,
Christopher J. Plourd, Judge. Affirmed.
Jeffrey S. Kross, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Melissa Mandel and Scott C.
Taylor, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
INTRODUCTON
Nicholas Dunning pleaded no contest to receiving stolen air conditioner parts
(Pen. Code, § 496, subd. (a)). At the prosecution's request, in exchange for Dunning's
plea and a waiver under People v. Harvey (1979) 25 Cal.3d 754 (Harvey), the court
dismissed numerous other charges and prior prison commitment allegations. The court
sentenced Dunning to 16 months in jail. At a subsequent hearing, the court ordered him
to pay direct victim restitution of $6,900.
Dunning appeals, contending the court abused its discretion in imposing direct
victim restitution of $6,900 because the restitution included amounts unrelated to either
the charge to which he pleaded no contest or the dismissed charges. We conclude this
contention lacks merit and affirm the judgment.
BACKGROUND
The factual basis for Dunning's plea was an incident report prepared by Imperial
County Sheriff's Investigator Edgar Quinones. The report stated Quinones contacted
Wiley Walter while investigating several reported burglaries in the Salton City area.
Walter told Quinones Dunning and another man stripped air conditioner condensers.
Walter also told Quinones he and Dunning had taken air conditioner condensers stolen
from homes in the Vista Del Mar area of Salton City to a recycling center. The recycling
center paid them $60 for each one.
Quinones later drove Walter around the Vista Del Mar area, where Walter directed
him to Penelope Avenue. Walter pointed out three homes on the street1242, 1244, and
1250. Walter told Quinones he and Dunning had stolen air conditioner condensers and 2
pumps from two of the homes, although he could not remember which two. They had
also taken a condenser from another home on 1377 Bering Avenue.
Quinones contacted the manager of the recycling center, who identified Dunning
from a photograph. In addition, the manager provided Quinones with multiple
photographs of Dunning with recycling items resembling air conditioner parts as well as
receipts for amounts paid to Dunning for the items.
Quinones later checked the residences of 1242, 1244, and 1250 Penelope Avenue.
The air conditioner condenser at 1242 Penelope Avenue was not missing. However,
three panels from the wooden fence at 1244 Penelope Avenue had been removed, the air
conditioner had been dismantled, and the condenser was missing. In addition, two panels
from the wooden fence at 1250 Penelope Avenue had been removed and, although the air
conditioner had not been dismantled, its condenser had been stripped and was missing.
Quinones also checked the Bering Avenue residence. Several panels from the
property's wooden fence had been removed, the air conditioner had been dismantled, and
the condenser was missing.
Quinones notified the property manager for 1244 Penelope Avenue of the theft.
The manager also reported a similar theft of an air conditioner condenser at a residence
on Court Avenue.
Quinones questioned Dunning about the thefts. Dunning admitted involvement in
recycling scrap metal, but did not admit involvement in the thefts of the air conditioner
condensers even though Walter told Quinones he and Dunning had stolen air conditioner
condensers on five separate occasions.
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The district attorney's office originally charged Dunning with grand theft and
felony vandalism of the air conditioner at 1244 Penelope Avenue (counts 1 & 2), grand
theft and felony vandalism of the air conditioner at 1250 Penelope Avenue (counts 3 &
4), grand theft and felony vandalism of the air conditioner at 1377 Bering Avenue (counts
5 & 6), and conspiracy to commit these offenses (count 7). After the district attorney's
office later amended the complaint to charge receiving stolen property (count 8),
Dunning pleaded no contest and entered a Harvey waiver for restitution purposes.
The officer who prepared the probation report submitted documents supporting
restitution of $6,900 to a bank that owned the properties located at 1240 and 1250
Penelope Avenue. The documents included a claim for a $3,000 air conditioner and a
$900 water heater stolen from 1250 Penelope Avenue and a claim for a $3,000 air
conditioner stolen from 1240 Penelope Avenue. A representative of the bank informed
the probation officer that 1240, rather than 1244, was the correct address of the property
at issue in counts 1 and 2 of the complaint.
At the restitution hearing, the bank's representative testified the report the bank
submitted to the sheriff's department incorrectly listed the property missing the air
conditioner as 1244 Penelope Avenue instead of 1240 Penelope Avenue. She also
testified the contractor's invoices showed both the air conditioner and the water heater
were missing from 1250 Penelope Avenue.
Defense counsel objected to any claimed restitution for the losses at 1240
Penelope Avenue and for the claimed water heater loss at 1250 Penelope Avenue as these
losses were not mentioned in the police report and, consequently, were not within the
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contemplated scope of the Harvey waiver. However, the court found the Harvey waiver
covered the course of conduct by Dunning and his accomplices. The court also found the
reference to 1244 rather than 1240 Penelope Avenue was a clerical error. Accordingly,
the court ordered restitution of $6,900, for which Dunning and his accomplices were
jointly and severally liable.
DISCUSSION
"[W]hen a defendant is convicted of a crime involving a victim who 'has suffered
economic loss as a result of defendant's conduct' [citation], the court must require the
defendant to pay full restitution directly to the victim or victims of the crime 'unless it
finds compelling and extraordinary reasons for not doing so, and states those reasons on
the record.' [Citation.] A 'defendant has the right to a hearing before a judge to dispute
the determination of the amount of restitution.' " (People v. Giordano (2007) 42 Cal.4th
644, 651-652.) "The scope of a criminal defendant's due process rights at a hearing to
determine the amount of restitution is very limited: ' "A defendant's due process rights
are protected when the probation report gives notice of the amount of restitution
claimed . . . , and the defendant has an opportunity to challenge the figures in the
probation report at the sentencing hearing." ' " (People v. Cain (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 81,
86.) "We review the trial court's restitution order for abuse of discretion." (People v.
Chappelone (2010) 183 Cal.App.4th 1159, 1173.)
Dunning contends the trial court abused its discretion in this case by ordering him
to pay the entire $6,900 in requested restitution because this amount included items not
encompassed within his Harvey waiver. We conclude this contention lacks merit.
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"In Harvey, pursuant to a plea agreement, the defendant pled guilty to two counts
of robbery with the use of a firearm and a third count of robbery was dismissed. (Harvey,
supra, 25 Cal.3d at p. 757.) In sentencing the defendant to the upper term, the trial court
relied upon the dismissed robbery count as an aggravating factor. Our high court held
that this was error stating, 'In our view, under the circumstances of this case, it would be
improper and unfair to permit the sentencing court to consider any of the facts underlying
the dismissed count three for purposes of aggravating or enhancing defendant's sentence.
Count three was dismissed in consideration of defendant's agreement to plead guilty to
counts one and two. Implicit in such a plea bargain, we think, is the understanding (in the
absence of any contrary agreement) that defendant will suffer no adverse sentencing
consequences by reason of the facts underlying, and solely pertaining to, the dismissed
count.' (Harvey, supra, at p. 758, italics added.) It was from the parenthetical in the
quoted text that the notion of a Harvey waiver developed. (People v. Goulart (1990) 224
Cal.App.3d 71, 80 (Goulart).) 'A defendant who signs the typical waiver form agrees to
allow the sentencing judge to consider his entire criminal history, including any unfiled
or dismissed charges.' " (People v. Snow (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 932, 936-937; People
v. Beck (1993) 17 Cal.App.4th 209, 216; People v. Baumann (1985) 176 Cal.App.3d 67,
75.)
Indeed, the Harvey waiver to which Dunning agreed provided, "The sentencing
judge may consider my prior criminal history and the entire factual background of the
case, including any unfiled, dismissed or stricken charges or allegations or cases when
granting probation, ordering restitution or imposing sentence." (Italics added.) Thus,
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contrary to Dunning's assertion, his Harvey waiver expressly permitted the trial court to
impose restitution for uncharged crimes.
Moreover, "[t]he standard of proof at a restitution hearing is preponderance of the
evidence, not reasonable doubt." (People v. Holmberg (2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1310,
1319.) The evidence before the trial court at the restitution hearing included Walter's
statements to Quinones that: (1) Dunning stripped air conditioner condensers, (2) he had
participated with Dunning in stealing air conditioner condensers on five separate
occasions, (3) they acquired some of the air conditioner condensers from homes in the
Vista Del Mar area, including homes on Penelope Avenue, and he had taken Dunning to
the recycling center on at least five or six occasions. The evidence also included
numerous photographs and receipts from the recycling center showing Dunning had
recycled large piles of scrap material around the time period when the thefts were
reported. Dunning did not dispute any of this evidence and the court could reasonably
determine from it that, in addition to the charged and dismissed crimes, Dunning was also
responsible for the uncharged thefts of the air conditioner at 1240 Penelope Avenue and
the water heater at 1250 Penelope Avenue. Accordingly, Dunning has not established the
court abused its discretion ordering him to pay the victim restitution for these items.
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DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
MCCONNELL, P. J.
WE CONCUR:
MCINTYRE, J.
IRION, J.
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AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court held that a Harvey waiver expressly permits a sentencing judge to consider uncharged or dismissed conduct when ordering victim restitution, and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding the defendant responsible for the losses.
Issues
Whether the trial court abused its discretion by including losses from uncharged crimes in a restitution order when the defendant signed a Harvey waiver.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The court could reasonably determine from it that, in addition to the charged and dismissed crimes, Dunning was also responsible for the uncharged thefts of the air conditioner at 1240 Penelope Avenue and the water heater at 1250 Penelope Avenue.”