California Court of Appeal May 30, 2013 No. D062836Unpublished
Filed 5/30/13 In re Jordan H. CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
In re JORDAN H., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law. D062836 SAN DIEGO COUNTY HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY, (Super. Ct. No. NJ014235) Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
JAMES H. et al.,
Defendants and Appellants.
APPEALS from orders of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Michael
J. Imhoff, Commissioner. Affirmed.
Liana Serobian, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant James H.
Monica Vogelmann, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant Jennifer H.
Thomas E. Montgomery, County Counsel, John E. Philips, Chief Deputy County
Counsel, and Erica R. Cortez, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
James H. and Jennifer H. appeal orders summarily denying James's petition for
modification under Welfare and Institutions Code section 388 (further statutory
references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code) and terminating their parental rights
to their son, Jordan H., under section 366.26. We affirm.
Jordan H. was born in January 2010. He spent almost two months in hospital care,
withdrawing from severe opiate addiction. His mother, Jennifer, admitted to using drugs
while she was pregnant with him. Jordan's father, James, also had a history of drug use
and drug-related criminal convictions. Jordan was adjudicated a dependent of the
juvenile court. (§ 300, subd. (b).) When Jordan was released from the hospital, he was
placed in the care of his paternal grandmother (Grandmother).
Jennifer and James received 24 months of reunification services focused on
substance abuse treatment and recovery. At the time of the 24-month review hearing,
Jennifer had been arrested on federal charges of human trafficking and state charges of
prostitution. She had not had any contact with Jordan for three months. James had not
been able to complete his case plan or find stable employment. He had not visited Jordan
in more than a month.
2
On October 11, 2012, the day of the section 366.26 hearing, James filed a section
388 petition asking the court to return Jordan to his care under a plan of family
maintenance services or alternatively, to reinstate reunification services, place Jordan in
the care of his paternal grandfather and allow James to reside in the home. The court
denied the petition, finding that James "has not carried his burden with respect to a
change of circumstances even by a preponderance of the evidence." The court further
found that even if James had shown a legitimate change of circumstances, he did not
carry his burden with respect to Jordan's best interests.
At the section 366.26 hearing, the court admitted the report, including the
addendum report, of the San Diego County of Health and Human Services Agency
(Agency) in evidence. Jennifer testified by telephone. She expected to be released from
custody in four months and asked the court to select a plan of guardianship. Jennifer said
she had tried to maintain contact with Jordan while she was incarcerated.
The Agency reported that Jordan was a sweet little boy who was very attached to
Grandmother and her two younger children. Grandmother's home was loving and stable.
The social worker had discussed different permanency plans with her. Grandmother
decided adoption was in Jordan's best interests. In August 2012, Grandmother met with
an adoptions worker to start the adoptive home study process. The social worker said if
for some reason Grandmother was unable to adopt Jordan, there were 50 families in San
Diego County with approved adoptive home studies that were interested in adopting a
child like Jordan.
3
The social worker did not believe that Jordan had a significant relationship with
either parent. Jennifer was incarcerated in federal prison and had not seen Jordan in more
than nine months. James was able to visit Jordan in Grandmother's home as much as he
wanted. On average, James saw Jordan approximately once or twice a month. During
the dependency proceedings, there were periods of one to two months in which neither
parent visited Jordan.
The court found that Jordan was likely to be adopted within a reasonable time if
parental rights were terminated (adoptability finding) and that Jordan did not have a
beneficial parent/child relationship with either parent. The court terminated parental
rights and designated Grandmother as Jordan's prospective adoptive parent.
On appeal, each parent joins in and adopts the other parent's arguments. (Cal.
Rules of Court, rule 8.200(a)(5).)
DISCUSSION
A
James and Jennifer contend the court erroneously employed an incorrect standard
of proof when it found that "father has not carried his burden with respect to a change of
circumstances even by a preponderance of the evidence" and denied an evidentiary
hearing on James's section 388 petition (the petition). They ask this court to reverse the
orders terminating parental rights and remand the matter for an evidentiary hearing on the
petition.
4
Under section 388, a party may petition the court to change, modify or set aside a
previous court order. The petitioning party has the burden of showing, by a
preponderance of the evidence, there is a change of circumstances or new evidence, and
the proposed modification is in the child's best interests. (§ 388; In re Jasmon O. (1994)
8 Cal.4th 398, 415; In re Amber M. (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 681, 685.)
The court must liberally construe the petition in favor of its sufficiency. (In re
Marilyn H. (1993) 5 Cal.4th 295, 309 (Marilyn H.); Cal. Rules of Court, rule 5.570(a).)
"The parent need only make a prima facie showing to trigger the right to proceed by way
of a full hearing." (Marilyn H., at p. 310; In re Hashem H. (1996) 45 Cal.App.4th 1791,
1798-1799.) When determining whether the petition makes the necessary showing, the
court may consider the entire factual and procedural history of the case. (In re Justice P.
(2004) 123 Cal.App.4th 181, 188-189; see In re Jamika W. (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 1446,
1450-1451.)
We review a summary denial of a hearing on a modification petition for abuse of
discretion. (In re Zachary G (1999) 77 Cal.App.4th 799, 808 (Zachary G.).)
We are not persuaded by the parents' argument the court applied an erroneous
burden of proof when it summarily denied the petition. "The prima facie requirement is
not met unless the facts alleged, if supported by evidence given credit at the hearing,
would sustain a favorable decision on the petition." (In re Zachary G., supra,
77 Cal.App.4th at p. 806.) The court stated it was liberally construing the petition in
favor of its sufficiency. In finding that the facts alleged would not sustain a finding of
5
changed circumstances "even by a preponderance of the evidence," the court indicated
that the facts were not sufficient to sustain a favorable decision on the petition by the
requisite burden of proof. Thus the petition did not state a prima facie case of changed
circumstances or the child's best interest. (Ibid.)
The court did not abuse its discretion in summarily denying the petition. James
alleged his circumstances were changed because he had maintained his sobriety, attended
weekly NA meetings, had stable housing and successfully pursued employment
opportunities. In addition, James said he had increased his visitation to two times per
month, including daytime and overnight visits. James said a modification of the prior
order was in Jordan's best interests because Jordan was strongly bonded to him, referred
to him as "daddy" and enjoyed their visits.
The court could reasonably determine the alleged facts did not show that James's
circumstances were changed and that a modification of the prior order terminating
reunification services was in Jordan's best interests. After reunification services have
been terminated, the focus shifts to the needs of the child for permanency and stability.
(In re Hashem H., supra, 45 Cal.App.4th at p. 1800.) James was offered reunification
services for 24 months. He did not complete his case plan. The court did not abuse its
discretion when it determined a further period of reunification services was not likely to
lead to reunification and an extension of time would not be in Jordan's best interests.
The court reasonably determined the petition did not state a prima facie case that
James's circumstances were sufficiently changed to assume custody of Jordan and that
such a change of placement was in Jordan's best interests. (§ 388, subd. (d).) Jordan had
6
been placed with Grandmother when he was less than two months old. He was closely
bonded to her. Grandmother had an open door policy with respect to James visiting
Jordan. James visited Jordan for a few days every other month, and there were periods in
which James did not visit his son for one or two months. James alleged he had increased
his visitation to "two times per month." This does not constitute a meaningful change in
circumstances as required under section 388. Further, the court could reasonably
conclude that there was not sufficient evidence to show that a change of placement was in
Jordan's best interests.
In addition, section 300 petitions filed on the same day as the permanency plan
selection and implementation hearing are disfavored, and the court could have denied the
petition on timeliness grounds alone. (See In re Edward H. (1996) 43 Cal.App.4th 584,
594.)
B
James and Jennifer contend the court erred when it found that Jordan was likely to
be adopted because Grandmother had not initiated an adoptive home study and she had
been referred to child protective services on allegations of physical abuse in 2006, which
was closed as inconclusive, and on allegations of physical and emotional abuse in 2008,
which was closed as unfounded. The parents argue that Jordan was very attached to
Grandmother and she had provided exemplary care to him during his treatment for opiate
withdrawal. If she were unable to adopt Jordan, placement with another adoptive family
would be seriously detrimental to him. The parents contend the court should have
deferred an adoptability finding until Grandmother's adoptive home study had been
7
completed and the court could reach a reasonable conclusion that the Agency would
approve the home study.
At a section 366.26 hearing, the court may select one of three alternative
permanency plans for the dependent child—adoption, guardianship or long-term foster
care. (In re Taya C. (1991) 2 Cal.App.4th 1, 7.) If the child is adoptable, there is a
strong preference for adoption over alternative permanency plans. (San Diego County
Dept. of Social Services v. Superior Court (1996) 13 Cal.4th 882, 888; Zachary G.,
supra, 77 Cal.App.4th at pp. 808-809.)
A finding of adoptability requires "clear and convincing evidence of the likelihood
that adoption will be realized within a reasonable time." (In re Zeth S. (2003) 31 Cal.4th
396, 406 (Zeth S.); § 366.26, subd. (c)(1).) The question of adoptability usually focuses
on whether the child's age, physical condition and emotional health make it difficult to
find a person willing to adopt that child. (In re Sarah M. (1994) 22 Cal.App.4th 1642,
1649.) If the child is considered generally adoptable, there is no need to examine the
suitability of a prospective adoptive home. (In re Scott M. (1993) 13 Cal.App.4th 839,
844.) When the child is deemed adoptable based solely on a particular family's
willingness to adopt the child, the trial court must determine whether there is a legal
impediment to adoption. (In re Carl R. (2005) 128 Cal.App.4th 1051, 1061.)
On review, we determine whether the record contains substantial evidence from
which a reasonable trier of fact could find clear and convincing evidence that the child
was likely to be adopted within a reasonable time. (In re Gregory A. (2005) 126
Cal.App.4th 1554, 1561-1562.)
8
The parents' contention the court should have waited to select a permanency plan
for Jordan until it could reasonably determine whether Grandmother's adoptive home
study would be approved is not supported legally or factually. Under section 366.26,
subdivision (n)(1), the court may designate a current caregiver of the child as a
prospective adoptive parent if the child has lived with the caregiver for at least six
months, the caregiver currently expresses a commitment to adopt the child, and the
caregiver has taken at least one step to facilitate the adoption process. Grandmother
clearly met those requirements. Although the Agency's initial section 366.26 report,
which was prepared on August 3, 2012, stated that Grandmother had not initiated an
adoptive home study, Grandmother met with the adoptions social worker four days later
to start the process. In the addendum report, the social worker stated Grandmother and
her adult daughter (who lived in the home) were fingerprinted and received criminal
clearances. The Agency received three reference letters that were written on her behalf.
Further, the court may postpone the selection of a plan of adoption only if the child is
difficult to place for adoption and there is no identified or available prospective adoptive
parent. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(3).)
The record shows that Jordan was both generally and specifically adoptable.
Although Jordan had a long withdrawal from in utero drug exposure, he was meeting his
developmental milestones. He was not difficult to place. Grandmother wanted to adopt
him. The child abuse allegations against Grandmother in 2006 and 2008 were not
substantiated. There was nothing in her background that had precluded the Agency from
safely placing Jordan in her home. He continued to thrive in her care without incident.
9
The social worker also identified 50 approved adoptive families in San Diego that were
willing to adopt a child like Jordan. The record contains ample evidence to support the
finding that Jordan was likely to be adopted within a reasonable time. (§ 366.26, subd.
(c)(1); Zeth S., supra, 31 Cal.4th at p. 406; § 366.26, subd. (a).)
C
James and Jennifer contend the court erred when it terminated parental rights
because James maintained regular and consistent contact with Jordan and Jordan would
benefit from maintaining the parent/child relationship. They argue that while Jordan
looks to Grandmother to meet his fundamental needs, he had a unique relationship with
his father from whom he gained love and a sense of self-worth.
An exception to termination of parental rights exists when "[t]he parents have
maintained regular visitation and contact with the child and the child would benefit from
continuing the relationship." (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).) " '[B]enefit from continuing
the . . . relationship' " means " 'the [parent/child] relationship' . . . promotes the well-being
of the child to such a degree as to outweigh the well-being the child would gain in a
permanent home with new, adoptive parents." (In re Autumn H. (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th
567, 575 (Autumn H.).) The exception does not require proof the child has a "primary
attachment" to the parent or the parent has maintained day-to-day contact with the child.
(In re S.B. (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 289, 299 (S.B.); In re Brandon C. (1999) 71
Cal.App.4th 1530, 1534-1538; In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 38, 51.)
10
Where the parent has continued to regularly visit and contact the child, and the
child has maintained or developed a significant, positive, emotional attachment to the
parent, "the court balances the strength and quality of the natural parent/child relationship
in a tenuous placement against the security and the sense of belonging a new family
would confer. If severing the natural parent/child relationship would deprive the child of
a substantial, positive emotional attachment such that the child would be greatly harmed,
the preference for adoption is overcome and the natural parent's rights are not
terminated." (Autumn H., supra, 27 Cal.App.4th at p. 575.)
We determine whether there is substantial evidence to support the court's ruling by
reviewing the evidence most favorably to the prevailing party and indulging in all
legitimate and reasonable inferences to uphold the court's ruling. (In re Misako R. (1991)
2 Cal.App.4th 538, 545.) If there is substantial evidence supporting the court's ruling, the
reviewing court must affirm the court's rejection of the exceptions to termination of
parental rights under section 366.26, subdivision (c). (Autumn H., supra, 27 Cal.App.4th
at p. 576.)
The record shows that during the reunification period, James did not visit Jordan
from August to mid-October 2010. After he resumed visiting his son, he saw him every
other Thursday and on Sunday afternoons. By February 2012, James was able to visit
Jordan as often as he could and was allowed to stay overnight in Grandmother's home.
At the time of the 24-month review hearing in April 2012, James had not visited Jordan
in more than a month. During the next six months, James telephoned Grandmother once
11
or twice a month and stayed at her home with Jordan for a few days every other month.
The court could reasonably find that James did not maintain regular contact and visitation
with his son throughout the dependency proceedings. (§ 366.26, subd. (c)(1)(B)(i).)
The social worker reported that Jordan loved to see his father and James was
attentive and playful with him during visits. Despite his love and affection for his son,
James did not show much initiative to stabilize his lifestyle or maintain a safe residence
during Jordan's lengthy dependency proceedings. James's visitation with Jordan became
more sporadic and less frequent as the case progressed. The paternal grandfather said
that although James loved his son, he was not responsible enough to be a parent. James
continued to have a relationship with Jennifer, who had a history of drug recidivism and
prostitution. The social worker said Jordan did not have a significant parent/child
relationship with James or Jennifer, and termination of their parental rights would not
cause Jordan to suffer serious detriment.
To overcome the strong policy in favor of adoption, the parent must show more
than "frequent and loving contact" (In re Beatrice M. (1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 1411, 1418)
and have a stronger relationship to the child than a friendly relative (In re Angel B. (2002)
97 Cal.App.4th 454, 468). The court could reasonably infer the bond between James and
Jordan, although affectionate, playful and loving, was not sufficiently strong to outweigh
the benefits Jordan would gain from adoption in a permanent, safe and stable home.
(Autumn H., supra, 27 Cal.App.4th at p. 575.) The record supports the finding that James
did not demonstrate the type of dedication to his child that characterizes a beneficial
parent/child relationship. (See S.B., supra, 164 Cal.App.4th at p. 300 [parent's devotion
12
to his child was constant, as demonstrated by his full compliance with his case plan and
consistent visitation].) There is substantial evidence to support the court's finding that the
beneficial parent/child relationship exception did not apply. (§ 366.26, subd.
(c)(1)(B)(i).)
DISPOSITION
The findings and orders are affirmed.
McINTYRE, J.
WE CONCUR:
McCONNELL, P. J.
AARON, J.
13
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court properly denied the father's section 388 petition for modification due to a failure to show changed circumstances or that the modification was in the child's best interests, and correctly terminated parental rights upon finding the child was adoptable and no beneficial parent-child relationship exception applied.
Issues
Did the juvenile court abuse its discretion in summarily denying the father's section 388 petition without an evidentiary hearing?
Did the court err in finding the child was likely to be adopted within a reasonable time?
Did the court err in finding that the beneficial parent-child relationship exception to the termination of parental rights did not apply?
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The court did not abuse its discretion in summarily denying the petition.”
“The record contains ample evidence to support the finding that Jordan was likely to be adopted within a reasonable time.”
“There is substantial evidence to support the court's finding that the beneficial parent/child relationship exception did not apply.”