California Court of Appeal Apr 18, 2013 No. D062442Unpublished
Filed 4/18/13 P. v. Aung CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D062442
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. SCN281803)
HTOO AUNG,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Harry M.
Elias, Judge. Affirmed.
A jury convicted Htoo Aung of assault with a deadly weapon or force likely to
produce great bodily harm. The trial court found two alleged prior convictions to be true.
It sentenced Aung to an 11-year prison term, and ordered him to pay fines, including a
criminal justice administrative fee (booking fee) in the amount of $154 under
Government Code section 29550.1. (Undesignated statutory references are to the
Government Code.) Aung did not object to the imposition of the booking fee on any
grounds. He appeals, contending imposition of the booking fee denied him equal
protection because section 29550.1, unlike sections 29550 and 29550.2, does not require
a finding of ability to pay. He requests the booking fee be stricken. We decline to do so
Sections 29550, 29550.1, and 29550.2 govern booking fees for processing arrested
persons into county jail. (People v. Pacheco (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 1392, 1399
(Pacheco).) Persons, such as Aung, that are arrested by a local agency are liable for one-
half the amount of the booking fee without any determination of his or her ability to pay
the fee. (§ 29550, subd. (a)(1).) Persons arrested by other than a local or county agency
are liable for the full booking fee, subject to their ability to pay. (§ 29550.2.) Finally,
county arrestees may be liable for the full booking fee if incarcerated; however, booking
fee liability for county arrestees placed on probation is conditioned on their ability to pay.
(§ 29550, subd. (d).)
Aung contends that his equal protection rights were violated because he was
required to pay the full booking cost and no rational basis exists to distinguish why an
ability to pay finding is required for some agencies but not others. He acknowledges that
he failed to raise this issue below. The issue whether forfeiture applies when a defendant
did not object to the imposition of a booking fee in the trial court is pending before our
high court. (People v. Mason, review granted Aug. 29, 2012, S203747; People v.
McCullough, review granted June 29, 2011, S192513.) The issue whether the imposition
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of the section 29550.1 booking fee denies a defendant equal protection because section
29550.1 does not require that the court find an ability to pay is also before the California
Supreme Court. (People v. Mason, supra, S203747.) Assuming, without deciding, that
Aung did not forfeit his challenge and that equal protection principles apply, we reject his
contentions.
" '[A] court may reform — i.e., "rewrite" — a statute in order to preserve it against
invalidation under the Constitution, when we can say with confidence that (i) it is
possible to reform the statute in a manner that closely effectuates policy judgments
clearly articulated by the enacting body, and (ii) the enacting body would have preferred
the reformed construction to invalidation of the statute.' " (Ceridian Corp. v. Franchise
Tax Bd. (2000) 85 Cal.App.4th 875, 889.) The power of judicial reformation can be
exercised in cases concerning underinclusive or otherwise unconstitutional classifications
under the equal protection clause. (Kopp v. Fair Pol. Practices Com. (1995) 11 Cal.4th
607, 629.)
Here, we can say with confidence that revising section 29550.1 to include an
ability to pay provision, rather than withdrawing the ability to pay benefit from sections
29550 and 29550.2, would be consistent with the legislative policy judgment underlying
the booking fee statutes. In 1993, the Legislature changed the language of section 29550
requiring a court to impose the fee on a convicted person from permissive to mandatory.
(Assem. Bill No. 2286 (1993-1994 Reg. Sess.) § 1.) It also added the requirement that a
court find an ability to pay. (Ibid.) Similarly, under section 29550.1, the Legislature
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intended that a person convicted of a crime bear the financial burden of the booking fee.
(Assem. Bill No. 211 (1997-1998 Reg. Sess.) § 1.)
Hence, we reject Aung's request to invalidate section 29550.1 and strike the fee
because doing so would require that local agencies bear the burden of the booking fee,
not the convicted person. Instead, we conclude the Legislature would prefer to extend the
ability to pay benefit in sections 29550 and 29550.2 to section 29550.1. This rewrite
ensures that the convicted person bears the financial burden for the booking fee except
when the convicted person does not have the ability to pay.
Accordingly, we extend the ability to pay benefit to section 29550.1 and examine
the record to determine whether it contains substantial evidence to support a finding that
Aung has the ability to pay. (Pacheco, supra, 187 Cal.App.4th at p. 1400 [a finding of an
ability to pay may be implied and must be supported by substantial evidence].) Aung's
probation report reveals that he was unemployed at time of the offense and had no
income, liabilities or savings. Although Aung was diagnosed with bi-polar disorder in
2002, the condition did not prevent him from completing two years of community
college. He also previously worked in several different positions, including a security
guard and manufacturing and assembly in the automotive industry.
Penal Code section 2700 provides, in part that "[t]he Department of Corrections
shall require of every able-bodied prisoner imprisoned in any state prison as many hours
of faithful labor in each day and every day during his or her term of imprisonment as
shall be prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Director of Corrections." This
section requires that prisoners who perform assigned work be compensated. (Ibid.)
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Because the record suggests that Aung has the ability to obtain prison employment we
must assume that he will have the ability to pay the minimal booking fee. (See People v.
Frye (1994) 21 Cal.App.4th 1483, 1486–1487.)
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
McINTYRE, J.
WE CONCUR:
NARES, Acting P. J.
O'ROURKE, J.
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AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court held that Government Code section 29550.1 should be reformed to include an ability-to-pay requirement, and affirmed the judgment because the record supported an implied finding that the defendant had the ability to pay the fee.
Issues
Whether the imposition of a booking fee under Government Code section 29550.1 without an ability-to-pay finding violates equal protection.
Whether the record contains substantial evidence to support an implied finding of the defendant's ability to pay the booking fee.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“Accordingly, we extend the ability to pay benefit to section 29550.1 and examine the record to determine whether it contains substantial evidence to support a finding that Aung has the ability to pay.”
“Because the record suggests that Aung has the ability to obtain prison employment we must assume that he will have the ability to pay the minimal booking fee.”