California Court of Appeal Jun 22, 2022 No. E078090Unpublished
Filed 6/22/22 In re F.K. CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
In re F.K., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law.
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, E078090
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super.Ct.No. J277043)
v. OPINION
P.W. et al.,
Appellants.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Steven A. Mapes,
Judge. Affirmed.
The Justice Firm and Joseph Virgilio, for Appellants.
Tom Burton, County Counsel, and David Guardado, Deputy County Counsel, for
Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
The juvenile court denied appellants’, P.W. and T.W., (the maternal great-
grandparents) Welfare and Institutions Code section 3881 petition. On appeal, the
maternal great-grandparents (MGGPs) contend the court erred in denying their section
388 petition. We affirm.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND2
On February 10, 2017, personnel from the Sonoma County Family, Youth and
Children’s Services (Sonoma County Children Services) filed a petition alleging that S.K.
and F.K. (the children) came within the juvenile court’s jurisdiction pursuant to
section 300, subdivisions (b)(1) and (j). (S.K., supra, E074453.) On March 6, 2017,
mother agreed to submit to jurisdiction, and the court sustained the allegations in the
petition, as amended, as to F.K. (the minor). (Ibid.) On April 14, 2017, the juvenile
court issued a protective custody warrant for S.K. because mother was uncooperative in
1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Intuitions Code unless otherwise stated.
2 The record on appeal consists solely of a clerk’s transcript containing the MGGPs’ section 388 petition and the order denying it, which appears wholly inadequate for appellate review. “[T]he reviewing court starts with the presumption that the record contains evidence sufficient to support the judgment; it is the appellant’s affirmative burden to demonstrate otherwise.” (Cequel III Communications I, LLC, v. Local Agency Formation Com. of Nevada County (2007) 149 Cal.App.4th 310, 329, fn. 7 (Cequel); see Ketchum v. Moses (2001) 24 Cal.4th 1122, 1140-1141 (Ketchum) [It is the burden of the party challenging the court order to provide an adequate record to assess the purported error.].) However, the underlying dependency proceedings were the subject of at least six appeals, the opinions from which we have reviewed. We take judicial notice of the following relevant, nonpublished opinions: In re S.K. et al. (Oct. 20, 2020, E074453) [nonpub. opn.] (S.K.) and In re F.K. (May 31, 2019, A156346) [nonpub. opn.] (F.K.), from which we can derive a better understanding of the factual and procedural status of the instant case. (Evid. Code, § 459.)
2
allowing the assessment of S.K.’s health and had placed her in the care of the maternal
great-grandmother and step great-grandfather, who reportedly were physically abusive.
(Ibid.) “Two of the great-grandmother’s daughters had reported that she was physically
abusive to them and to a grandson. One of the great-grandmother’s daughters had
reported that the great-grandmother's husband had ‘devised a peep hole in their bathroom
and would observe her while she showered.’ The great-grandmother and her husband
had refused to cooperate with the social worker or provide any information about medical
or dental examinations. The court issued the protective custody warrant on that same
date.” (F.K., supra, A156346.)
By June 15, 2017, Sonoma County Children Services had amended the petition as
to S.K. on two separate occasions, adding allegations that mother had failed to provide
necessary dental and medical treatment, had temporarily placed the child with caretakers
who had histories of child abuse, and had facilitated S.K. being passed around to relatives
who had histories of child abuse or endangerment. (S.K., supra, E074453.) The Sonoma
County juvenile court declared the children dependents of the court, ordered their
removal from parental custody, and ordered reunification services for mother only.
(Ibid.) The children were placed with the maternal great-aunt. (Ibid.)
In June 2018, mother moved to San Bernardino County. (S.K., supra, E074453.)
On July 5, 2018, Sonoma County Children Services reported that S.K. was residing in a
foster home and the minor was residing in a group home, the latter of which offered a
residential treatment and education program. (Ibid.) Other relatives were being
3
considered as placement options. The minor was doing well in his placement by actively
participating in treatment groups and getting along well with the other residents. (Ibid.)
On December 19, 2018, the Sonoma County juvenile court terminated mother’s
reunification services and set a section 366.26 hearing. On January 3, 2019, the matter
was transferred to San Bernardino County. (S.K., supra, E074453.)
According to the section 366.26 report filed September 5, 2019, the San
Bernardino County Children and Family Services (the department) recommended the
children continue their “out-of-home placement” and requested a permanent plan with the
goal of adoption. (S.K., supra, E074453.) It was noted that the minor “had nine
change[s] in placement.” (Ibid.) In the addendum report filed November 12, 2019, the
social worker stated that “[a]t this time, adoption is not the appropriate plan, given the
behaviors of the children.” (Ibid.)
At a hearing on November 14, 2019, all parties submitted on the recommendation.
The court ordered a permanent plan with the identified goal of adoption. (S.K., supra,
E074453.)
On October 28, 2021, the MGGPs filed a section 388 petition seeking placement
of the minor. As changed circumstances, the great-grandfather stated that he had
“completed the R.F.A. [(Calif. Resource Family Approval Program)] process in my
county. I also do not believe the judge is aware of the ongoing efforts of my wife and
myself put forth in getting placement of the minor. I’m also now in a position where I
can comfortably retire, freeing my time up to be spent with minor.” The great-
grandfather contended the change would be in the minor’s best interest because the minor
4
“would be in the home of his family. He would receive daily love and support. He
would participate in individual outpatient therapy to address emotional and behavioral
issues.” The MGGPs attached 14 pages of exhibits.
In a quasi-declaration,3 the MGGPs attested that parents’ reunification services
had been terminated, a section 366.26 hearing had been set, no other relatives had been
identified for placement, the minor was stuck in a long-term foster care situation with
uncertainty for future placement, the MGGPs had lived with and established a bond with
the minor, the minor had expressed his desire to live with them, and they would help the
minor maintain relationships with other family members.
The MGGPs contended that Sonoma County Children Services and the department
had abused their discretion in failing to place the minor with them pursuant to section
361.3, subdivision (d). They maintained that they had been assessed and told to make
“corrections.” The MGGPs had subsequently made those corrections, but the department
never placed the minor with them.
On November 1, 2021, the court denied the petition without holding an evidentiary
hearing. The court checked the boxes on the form order reflecting that the MGGPS’
request did not state new evidence or a change of circumstance and that the request was
not in the minor’s best interest. The court wrote in that “Sonoma County has previously
ruled these relatives out.”
3 The document, although signed, is not under penalty of perjury.
5
II. DISCUSSION
The MGGPs contend the court erred in denying their petition. We disagree.
“‘Section 361.3 gives “preferential consideration” to a relative request for
placement, which means “that the relative seeking placement shall be the first placement
to be considered and investigated.” [Citation.]’ [Citation.] The intent of the Legislature
is ‘that relatives be assessed and considered favorably, subject to the juvenile court’s
consideration of the suitability of the relative’s home and the best interests of the child.’”
(In re Isabella G. (2016) 246 Cal.App.4th 708, 719.)
“[W]hen a relative requests placement of the child prior to the dispositional
hearing, and the Agency does not timely complete a relative home assessment as required
by law, the relative requesting placement is entitled to a hearing under section 361.3
without having to file a section 388 petition.” (In re Isabella G., supra, 246 Cal.App.4th
at p. 712, italics added.) However, the “law does not preclude the application of the
relative placement preference after the reunification period, even when no new placement
is necessary.” (Id. at p. 723, italics added.)
“Under section 388, a [party] may petition to modify a prior order ‘upon grounds
of change of circumstance or new evidence.’ [Citation.] The juvenile court shall order a
hearing where ‘it appears that the best interests of the child . . . may be promoted’ by the
new order. [Citation.] ‘Thus, the [party] must sufficiently allege both a change in
circumstances or new evidence and the promotion of the child’s best interests.’” (In re
K.L. (2016) 248 Cal.App.4th 52, 61.)
6
“‘A prima facie case is made if the allegations demonstrate that these two
elements are supported by probable cause. [Citations.] It is not made, however, if the
allegations would fail to sustain a favorable decision even if they were found to be true at
a hearing. [Citations.] While the petition must be liberally construed in favor of its
sufficiency [citations], the allegations must nonetheless describe specifically how the
petition will advance the child’s best interests.’ [Citation.] In determining whether the
petition makes the required showing, the court may consider the entire factual and
procedural history of the case.” (In re K.L., supra, 248 Cal.App.4th at pp. 61-62
[“Mother did not make a prima facie showing the proposed modification—removing the
children from their placements and placing them with Grandmother—would be in the
children’s best interests.”].) “A petition which alleges merely changing circumstances
and would mean delaying the selection of a permanent home . . . does not promote
stability for the child or the child’s best interests.” (In re Casey D. (1999) 70 Cal.App.4th
38, 47, disapproved of on other grounds by In re Caden C. (2021) 11 Cal.5th 614, 636,
fn. 5.)
“After the termination of reunification services . . . , the goal of family
reunification is no longer paramount, and ‘“the focus shifts to the needs of the child for
permanency and stability” [citation], and in fact, there is a rebuttable presumption that
continued foster care is in the best interests of the child. [Citation.] A court hearing a
motion for change of placement at this stage of the proceedings must recognize this shift
of focus in determining the ultimate question before it, that is, the best interests of the
child.’” (In re K.L., supra, 248 Cal.App.4th at p. 62.) The rebuttable presumption that
7
foster care is in the child’s best interest applies with even greater strength when adoption
is the permanent plan. (In re Angel B. (2002) 97 Cal.App.4th 454, 460.)
“‘Whether a previously made order should be modified rests within the
dependency court’s discretion, and its determination will not be disturbed on appeal
unless an abuse of discretion is clearly established.’ [Citation.] The denial of a
section 388 motion rarely merits reversal as an abuse of discretion.” (In re Amber M.
(2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 681, 685-686.)
First, the MGGPs have failed their burden of proving changed circumstances, by
failing to provide an adequate record. “[T]he reviewing court starts with the presumption
that the record contains evidence sufficient to support the judgment; it is the appellant’s
affirmative burden to demonstrate otherwise.” (Cequel, supra, 149 Cal.App.4th at
p. 329, fn. 7; see Ketchum, supra, 24 Cal.4th at pp. 1140-1141 [It is the burden of the
party challenging the court order to provide an adequate record to assess the purported
error.].)
The MGGPs failed to provide us with a record that demonstrates how their
circumstances have changed, e.g., what their circumstances were like before. The court
below indicated that the Sonoma County Children Services had previously considered
and rejected the placement of the minor with the MGGPs. The MGGPs do not contest
this. However, the record does not reflect why the MGGPs had been previously rejected.
The MGGPs recite their purported attempts to gain placement of the minor from
March 2017 through April 2020. The closest to a rejection to which the MGGPs refer is
a notification by the department of needed “corrections” before which the department
8
would not consider the placement of the minor with the MGGPs. However, the court
referred to a rejection by the Sonoma County Children Services, not the department. We
have nothing, in the record provided by the MGGPS, which reflects why Sonoma County
would have previously rejected the placement of the minor with the MGGPS.
Moreover, the department’s notification of corrections is not a rejection. Indeed,
the MGGPs really allege a failure of the department to respond to their efforts, rather than
an express rejection. There is nothing in the record provided by the MGGPs to indicate
why either the Sonoma County Children Services or the department would have rejected
the placement of the minor with the MGGPs. Thus, there is nothing in the record to show
that the MGGPs had changed their circumstances since that rejection.
Second, the MGGPs have failed their burden of proving, by providing an adequate
record, that the proposed change of placement would be in the minor’s best interest.
“[T]he reviewing court starts with the presumption that the record contains evidence
sufficient to support the judgment; it is the appellant’s affirmative burden to demonstrate
otherwise.” (Cequel, supra, 149 Cal.App.4th at p. 329, fn. 7; see Ketchum, supra, 24
Cal.4th at pp. 1140-1141 [It is the burden of the party challenging the court order to
provide an adequate record to assess the purported error.].)
The MGGPs have failed to provide a record that reflects the status of the minor as
of the date of the court’s order denying the section 388 petition. Indeed, the MGGPs fail
to provide us a status of the minor’s placements during the entirety of the proceedings.
Even with the records of which we have taken judicial notice, the most current status of
the minor that we have are reports from the department filed on September 5, 2019, and
9
November 12, 2019, approximately two years prior to the MGGPs filing their section 388
petition. (S.K., supra, E074453.) There is simply no way we can determine, based upon
this record, whether the court abused its discretion by declining to remove the minor from
whatever placement he was then in and placing him with the MGGPs. Thus, there is no
record to establish that the placement of the minor with the MGGPs was in the minor’s
best interest.
The MGGPs alleged that the minor “had 16 placement moves since the time of
removal,” and the minor was “stuck in long term foster care with uncertainty of future
placement and possible future placement moves.” That may be true. However, we have
no record to establish anything other than that as of September 5, 2019, the minor had
nine changes in placement and, as of November 12, 2019, adoption was no longer
considered the permanent plan. (S.K., supra, E074453.) However, that was nearly two
years before the MGGPs filed their petition. The allegations in the MGGPs’ petition do
not overcome the rebuttable presumption that continued foster care is in the best interests
of the minor. Thus, they cannot show that, as of the date of their petition, it was in the
minor’s best interest to remove him from wherever he had been last placed and place him
with the MGGPS.
Third, from the records we have judicially noticed, we can infer the reason for the
Sonoma County Children Services’ rejection of the placement of the minor with the
MGGPS. The Sonoma County juvenile court had declared the children and the minor
dependents of the court and had removed them from their parents based, in part, on
allegations that mother had temporarily placed the minor with the MGGPs, who had
10
histories of child abuse and child endangerment. (S.K., supra, E074453.) The allegations
specifically included that the MGGPs were physically abusive, and the step great-
grandfather had “devised a peep hole” to watch his step great-grandchild shower. (F.K.,
supra, A156346.) Thus, there was evidence before the Sonoma County juvenile court
that the placement of the minor with the MGGPs was not in his best interest.
Fourth and finally, even if the court erred in failing to hold an evidentiary hearing
on the section 388 petition, any error was harmless because the MGGPs “wholly fail[] to
identify additional evidence [they] would have presented at an evidentiary hearing that
would have established” a change of circumstances and that placement with them would
have been in the minor’s best interest. (In re G.B. (2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 1147, 1164.)
The juvenile court acted within its discretion.
III. DISPOSITION
The juvenile court’s order denying the section 388 petition is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
McKINSTER J. We concur:
RAMIREZ P. J.
SLOUGH J.
11
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court affirmed the denial of the maternal great-grandparents' section 388 petition, holding that they failed to meet their burden of demonstrating changed circumstances or that the proposed change in placement was in the minor's best interest.
Issues
Did the juvenile court err in denying the section 388 petition without an evidentiary hearing?
Did the appellants meet their burden of proving changed circumstances and that the proposed placement was in the minor's best interest?
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The juvenile court’s order denying the section 388 petition is affirmed.”
“The MGGPs have failed their burden of proving, by providing an adequate record, that the proposed change of placement would be in the minor’s best interest.”
“The denial of a section 388 motion rarely merits reversal as an abuse of discretion.”