Ramirez v. Oxford Properties, Inc. CA4/2 (2022) · DecisionDepot
Ramirez v. Oxford Properties, Inc. CA4/2
California Court of Appeal Apr 12, 2022 No. E076022Unpublished
Filed 4/12/22 Ramirez v. Oxford Properties, Inc. CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
AMANDA RAMIREZ,
Plaintiff and Appellant, E076022
v. (Super.Ct.No. RIC1901389)
OXFORD PROPERTIES, INC., OPINION
Defendant and Respondent.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Craig Riemer, Judge.
Dismissed in part and affirmed in part.
Mahoney Law Group, Kevin Mahoney, and George B. Singer for Plaintiff and
Appellant.
Manning & Kass, Ellrod, Ramirez, Trester and Scott Wm. Davenport for
Defendant and Respondent.
Counsel for plaintiff Amanda Ramirez failed to respond to a series of orders to
show cause (OSCs). As a result, her complaint was dismissed; thereafter, a defendant’s
cross-complaint was also dismissed. Ramirez filed a motion to vacate. By mistake,
1
however, she moved to vacate the dismissal of the cross-complaint, rather than the
dismissal of her complaint. The trial court denied the motion for this reason. Ramirez
filed another motion, this time to vacate the dismissal of her complaint, but the trial court
denied it as untimely.
Ramirez filed a notice of appeal. However, again by mistake, she appealed from
the denial of her second motion to vacate, rather than from the denial of her first motion
to vacate.
The notice of appeal was timely with respect to both orders. In this situation, the
rule is that, if only one of the orders was appealable, we may deem the appeal to be taken
from the appealable order, even though the notice of appeal specified the nonappealable
order. However, if both orders were appealable, we can review only the order specified
in the notice; we have no jurisdiction to review the one not specified.
We will hold that both orders were appealable. Ramirez asks us to treat the
second motion to vacate as a motion for reconsideration of the first motion to vacate, as
the denial of a motion for reconsideration is not appealable. We will further hold,
however, that, on this record, we cannot do so. It was a motion to vacate both in name
and in effect; we have no basis for recharacterizing it as a motion for reconsideration.
2
I
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In 2019, Ramirez filed this action, naming as defendants Oxford Properties, Inc.
(Oxford), Talat Radwan, and Jason Radwan. She alleged that she slipped and fell due to
a pothole on defendants’ property.
Oxford filed an answer. It also filed a cross-complaint for indemnity against
“Roes 1 through 100.”
Ramirez filed a proof of service on Talat Radwan, but he never answered, and she
never took his default. She failed to serve Jason Radwan.
Ramirez filed a case management statement. The trial court found that it was
incomplete.
In August, October, and November 2019, the trial court repeatedly issued OSCs re
sanctions, including dismissal, for failure to serve Jason Radwan, for failure to take the
default of Talat Radwan, and for failure to file a complete case management statement.
In response to the August OSC, Ramirez filed a case management statement
essentially identical to the one that the trial court had found was incomplete. In addition,
her counsel filed a responsive declaration; however, they did not file it at least four court
days before the date of the OSC hearing, as Local Rule 3116 required. They did not
appear at the hearing.
3
Ramirez did not respond to the October or November OSCs at all. As a result, on
December 23, 2019, the trial court entered a written order dismissing the complaint
without prejudice (complaint dismissal).
On January 28, 2020, by stipulation, the trial court ordered the cross-complaint
dismissed without prejudice (cross-complaint dismissal). It entered a written order to that
effect on January 30, 2020.
On June 8, 2020, Ramirez filed a motion for relief under section 473, subdivision
(b)1 (first motion to vacate). It asked the trial court to vacate “the January 28, 2020
dismissal of this action.” According to her counsel, the paralegal in charge of the case
either had not received the OSCs or had ignored them.2 On January 3, 2020, the
paralegal had left the firm.
On August 3, 2020, at the hearing, there was this exchange:
“THE COURT: . . . [S]ince there’s two dismissal orders, one of which affects the
complaint, one of which affects only the cross-complaint, which one are you moving to
vacate?
“[COUNSEL FOR RAMIREZ]: The dismissal of the plaintiff’s complaint.
1 This and all further statutory citations are to the Code of Civil Procedure, unless otherwise indicated. 2 Ramirez’s counsel had responded to the first (August) OSC because a clerk had given them a copy of it when they appeared for a case management conference, unaware that it had been continued.
4
“THE COURT: Then why is it that your motion is directed to the order of January
28th, which is a dismissal solely of the cross-complaint?
“[COUNSEL FOR RAMIREZ]: That is a mistake. Our initial belief was that the
Court dismissed this case at the hearing on the 28th because we didn’t have a copy of the
Court’s order of dismissal from December 23rd, which the Court entered on its own.
This motion is to set aside the dismissal [of] the plaintiff’s complaint. The date in the
motion itself says [January] 28th. It should say December 23rd.”
The trial court denied the motion (August 3 denial). With respect to the complaint
dismissal, it ruled that the motion had not specified the right date: “I’m not really
focusing on December 23rd at the moment because your motion was directed to the
dismissal in January. . . . You want relief from the dismissal of the complaint, make a
motion directed to the order dismissing the complaint.”
On August 12, 2020, Ramirez filed a motion to vacate the complaint dismissal
(second motion to vacate). On September 3, 2020, the trial court denied it as untimely
(September 3 denial). (See § 473, subd. (b) [application for relief must be made within
six months].)
On October 29, 2000, Ramirez filed a notice of appeal from an order entered on
“September 3, 2020.”
II
APPEALABILITY
As Ramirez recognizes, there is a serious issue of appealability.
5
To recap slightly, on August 3, the trial court denied the first motion to vacate. On
September 3, it denied the second motion to vacate. Ramirez filed an appeal specifying
only the September 3 denial. In her brief, however, she challenges only the August 3
denial.
A notice of appeal must “identif[y] the particular judgment or order being
appealed.” (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.100(a)(2).) Nevertheless, a “notice of appeal
must be liberally construed.” (Ibid.) Thus, if a notice specifies an order issued on one
date, but the only order then appealable was issued on a different date, the notice may be
construed as an appeal from the latter (at least in the absence of prejudice to the
respondent). (E.g., Swasey v. Adair (1890) 83 Cal. 136, 137; Yolo County Dept. of Child
Support Services v. Lowery (2009) 176 Cal.App.4th 1243, 1246; Call v. Los Angeles
County Gen. Hosp. (1978) 77 Cal.App.3d 911, 914-915.) Obviously, under those
circumstances, the date specified is a mistake, and the appellant intended to appeal from
the only appealable order.
“On the other hand, where several judgments and/or orders occurring close in time
are separately appealable . . . , each appealable judgment and order must be expressly
specified . . . in order to be reviewable on appeal. [Citations.]” (Eisenberg et al., Cal.
Practice Guide: Civil Appeals and Writs (The Rutter Group 2021) Notice of Appeal and
Cross-Appeal, ¶ 3:119.1, p. 3-53, and cases cited.) “‘“The rule favoring appealability in
cases of ambiguity cannot apply where there is a clear intention to appeal from only . . .
6
one of two separate appealable judgments or orders.”’ [Citation.]” (In re J.F. (2019) 39
Cal.App.5th 70, 76.)
Ramirez’s October 29 notice of appeal was timely with respect to both the August
3 denial and the September 3 denial. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.104(a)(1)(C).) Hence,
we can review the August 3 denial only if we cannot review the September 3 denial.
Ordinarily, an order denying a statutory motion to vacate a judgment3 is
appealable as a post-judgment order under section 904.1, subdivision (a)(2). (Winslow v.
Harold G. Ferguson Corp. (1944) 25 Cal.2d 274, 282; Shapiro v. Clark (2008) 164
Cal.App.4th 1128, 1137.) That is true even if the appellant brings more than one motion
to vacate. (Carver v. Platt (1960) 179 Cal.App.2d 140, 142-143.) Thus, it would seem
that the September 3 denial was appealable.
Ramirez argues, however, that her second motion to vacate was, in essence, a
motion for reconsideration of her first motion to vacate, pursuant to section 1008.
Under section 1008, subdivision (a): “When an application for an order has been
made . . . and refused . . . , any party affected by the order may, within 10 days after
service upon the party of written notice of entry of the order and based upon new or
different facts, circumstances, or law, make application . . . to reconsider the matter and
modify, amend, or revoke the prior order.”
3 The complaint dismissal was a final judgment, even though the cross- complaint remained pending, because Ramirez was not a party to the cross-complaint. (See generally Buckaloo v. Johnson (1975) 14 Cal.3d 815, 821, fn. 3, disapproved on other grounds in Della Penna v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. (1995) 11 Cal.4th 376, 393, fn. 5.)
7
Under section 1008, subdivision (b): “A party who originally made an application
for an order which was refused . . . may make a subsequent application for the same order
upon new or different facts, circumstances, or law . . . .”
By statute, “[a]n order denying a motion for reconsideration made pursuant to
subdivision (a) is not separately appealable.” (§ 1008, subd. (g).) According to judicial
decisions, a motion for reconsideration made pursuant to subdivision (b) likewise is not
separately appealable. (Global Protein Products, Inc. v. Le (2019) 42 Cal.App.5th 352,
363-365; Chango Coffee, Inc. v. Applied Underwriters, Inc. (2017) 11 Cal.App.5th 1247,
1252-1254; Tate v. Wilburn (2010) 184 Cal.App.4th 150, 158-159.) Thus, if Ramirez’s
second motion to vacate was really a motion for reconsideration, we could not review the
September 3 denial (and we can review the August 3 denial).
Ramirez, however, did not label her second motion as a motion for
reconsideration. Her notice of motion — which had to “state . . . the nature of the order
being sought and the grounds for issuance of the order” (Cal. Rules of Court, rule
3.1110(a)) — cited section 473, subdivision (b), which governs a motion to vacate. The
motion never mentioned section 1008. It never stated “what application was made
before, when and to what judge, what order or decisions were made, and what new or
different facts, circumstances, or law are claimed to be shown,” as both section 1008
subdivision (a) and subdivision (b) would have required.
“[G]enerally, appellate courts should not construe a motion expressly identified as
being a particular motion to be an entirely different motion in the appellate court.”
8
(Passavanti v. Williams (1990) 225 Cal.App.3d 1602, 1608.) “We recognize that there
are cases which appear to suggest that trial courts may consider a motion regardless of its
label. . . . [¶] Even if we assume the trial court is free to ignore the label of a motion, it
does not necessarily follow that appellate courts should do so as well, particularly when
there is no indication that the motion was ‘construed’ to be a different motion in the trial
court.” (Id. at pp. 1608-1609.)
It could be argued that section 1008 itself trumps this general rule. It states that it
“applies to all applications to reconsider any order of a judge or court, or for the renewal
of a previous motion . . . .” (§ 1008, subd. (e).) Arguably, then, any motion that in effect
seeks reconsideration must be deemed to be made under section 1008.
We need not decide this question. Ramirez’s second motion to vacate did not seek
reconsideration, in name or in effect. As the trial court noted, the first motion
purportedly sought to vacate the cross-complaint dismissal. A reasonable person, well-
acquainted with the record, could have looked at that motion and thought, “Oh, this
doesn’t really mean the cross-complaint dismissal, that’s just a mistake, it’s really
directed at the [complaint] dismissal.” In fact, Ramirez’s argument on the merits in this
appeal is that the trial court could and should have done so.
The trial court, however, did not. Whether correctly or not, it ruled that the first
motion raised no issue as to the complaint dismissal. It told Ramirez’s counsel, “You
want relief from the dismissal of the complaint, make a motion directed to the order
dismissing the complaint.”
9
At that point, Ramirez had two options: She could seek reconsideration, or she
could file a new motion to vacate. She could even have done both. She chose to
acquiesce in the trial court’s view that the first motion to vacate had been directed at the
cross-complaint dismissal; thus, she filed a new motion to vacate directed at a different
dismissal. It did not argue that the trial court had erred in denying the first motion to
vacate. And once again, it did not assert that there were any new or different facts,
circumstances, or law. There is simply no factual basis on this record on which we can
reclassify it, in hindsight, as a motion for reconsideration.
Ramirez also argues that under Norco Delivery Service, Inc. v. Owens-Corning
Fiberglas (1998) 64 Cal.App.4th 955, we can entertain the appeal because her two
motions “were mirror images of each other that raised the same issue.” There, the parties
filed cross-motions, heard on the same date — Owens-Corning’s motion arguing that its
settlement with the plaintiff was in good faith, and Norco’s motion arguing that the
settlement was not in good faith. In April, the trial court denied Norco’s motion; in May,
it granted Owens-Corning’s motion. Norco appealed from the May order. In its briefs,
however, it challenged the April order. (Id. at p. 960.) The appellate court held that it
could reach issues regarding the April order, because “Norco’s motion to contest good
faith was simply the mirror image of Owens-Corning’s application for a determination of
good faith. Both motions raised the exact same issue: whether the settlement was in
good faith.” (Id. at p. 961.)
10
Here, by contrast, the August 3 denial and the September 3 denial were not mirror
images of each other; they raised different issues. On August 3, the trial court ruled that
the first motion to vacate was not directed at the complaint dismissal. In this appeal,
Ramirez argues that this was error. On September 3, the trial court accepted that the
second motion to vacate was directed at the complaint dismissal but ruled that it was
untimely. Ramirez does not argue that this was error.
We take no pleasure in dismissing Ramirez’s appeal. She was denied a hearing on
her claims in the trial court; now we are denying a hearing on her claims in this court.
“[T]he strong policy against disposing of cases on procedural deficiencies rather than
trying cases on the merits” is close to our hearts. (Thatcher v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (2000)
79 Cal.App.4th 1081, 1085.) But “[a] proper notice of appeal from an appealable order is
jurisdictional. [Citations.]” (Vivid Video, Inc. v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc.
(2007) 147 Cal.App.4th 434, 440.) We have no leeway to let Ramirez appeal from an
order not specified in her notice of appeal, no matter how much it may appear to be in the
interest of justice to do so.
III
DISPOSITION
To the extent that Ramirez’s appeal may be deemed to be from the August 3
denial of her first motion to vacate, the appeal is dismissed. To the extent that it may be
11
deemed to be from the September 3 denial of her second motion to vacate, the order
appealed from is affirmed. In the interests of justice, we do not award costs on appeal.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS RAMIREZ P. J.
We concur:
FIELDS J.
RAPHAEL J.
12
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court held that it lacked jurisdiction to review the denial of the first motion to vacate because the notice of appeal specified only the denial of the second motion, and the second motion could not be recharacterized as a non-appealable motion for reconsideration. Consequently, the appeal from the first order was dismissed, and the second order was affirmed.
Issues
Whether an appellate court has jurisdiction to review an order not specified in the notice of appeal when both the specified and unspecified orders are independently appealable.
Whether a motion to vacate can be recharacterized as a motion for reconsideration to render it non-appealable, thereby allowing review of a prior order.
Disposition. Dismissed in part and affirmed in part.
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“if both orders were appealable, we can review only the order specified in the notice; we have no jurisdiction to review the one not specified.”
“It was a motion to vacate both in name and in effect; we have no basis for recharacterizing it as a motion for reconsideration.”
“We have no leeway to let Ramirez appeal from an order not specified in her notice of appeal, no matter how much it may appear to be in the interest of justice to do so.”