People v. Austin

Opinion

FILES, P. J. Defendant appeals from a judgment of conviction for sale of heroin (Health & Saf. Code, § 11501). The sole issue raised on appeal is whether Eleazer v. Superior Court, 1 Cal.3d 847 [83 Cal.Rptr. 586, 464 P.2d 42], decided January 30, 1970, is to be applied retroactively to cases tried after its announcement btit where the last meaningful police contacts with the informant occurred prior to the filing of that opinion.

Defendant was convicted on the testimony of an undercover police officer who, on August 29, 1969, pursuant to information received from an informant, went to defendant’s apartment and with $20 of county funds purchased from him the contraband substance. The informant, Reuben Madrigal, was present during the transaction but disappeared shortly thereafter.

[701]The police made no positive efforts to find the informant until so ordered by the court on March 23, 1970, over six months after the defendant’s arrest on September. 8, 1969. After considerable investigation the police were unable to find Madrigal who, they were told, had become aware that the police were searching for him and was “hiding out.” Defendant now argues that on the basis of these events, the trial court erred in refusing to dismiss the proceedings against him.

In Eleazer v. Superior Court (1970) 1 Cal.3d 847, 853 [83 Cal.Rptr. 586, 464 P.2d 42], the Supreme Court held that where, as here, an informant is a material witness on the issue of guilt, the authorities must “undertake reasonable efforts in good faith to locate the informer.” (Italics theirs.) In People v. Fortier (1970) 10 Cal.App.3d 760, 767 [89 Cal.Rptr. 210], this court, in applying the test of retroactivity as announced by our Supreme Court in People v. Edwards (1969) 71 Cal.2d 1096, 1107-1110 [80 Cal.Rptr. 633, 458 P.2d 713], held that “the Eleazer rule should not be applied retroactively to cases where the police contacts with their informant long preceded the announcement of their new responsibilities.”

This rationale was followed in People v. Pargo (1970) 11 Cal.App.3d 528, 534 [89 Cal.Rptr. 857], where the court, after quoting extensively from People v. Helmholtz (1970) 10 Cal.App.3d 441, 448-450 [88 Cal.Rptr. 743], which held that Eleazer was to be applied only to cases tried after January 30, 1970, stated: “We agree but feel that another dimension must be added. There may be cases tried after January 30, 1970, in which the prosecution is unable to comply with Eleazer because contact has been lost with the informant prior to January 30, 1970. In the instant case we would affirm the conviction even if the trial had commenced after January 30, 1970. Logically the application of Eleazer should be directed to the time of the last contact with the informant at which the police could have acquired the information demanded by Eleazer.