People v. Osterman

Opinion

STEPHENS, J. Defendant was charged by information with a violation of the Dangerous Weapons’ Control Law (Pen. Code, § 12021) by having in his possession a .22 caliber revolver having a barrel less than 12 inches long and capable of being concealed on the person, a felony, after having been previously convicted of forgery (Pen. Code, § 470). By amendment to the information, defendant was also charged with having been previously convicted of burglary (Pen. Code, § 459). Defendant pleaded not guilty, and denied the prior burglary conviction. Defendant’s motion to suppress the evidence pursuant to Penal Code section 1538.5 was heard and denied. Defendant and all counsel waived trial by jury, and by stipulation of counsel, the cause was submitted on the transcript of the preliminary hearing, subject to the trial court’s rulings, with each side reserving the right to offer additional evidence. Such additional testimony was taken. Defendant was found guilty as charged. No finding was made with regard to the allegation of the prior conviction of burglary. Probation was denied, [765]and defendant was sentenced to imprisonment in the county jail for 180 days. This appeal is from the judgment of conviction.

It is unnecessary to set forth the facts leading up to defendant’s arrest. Reversal is required because the evidence does not sustain the conviction of violation of Penal Code section 12021.

One element of the charge is that the firearm possessed by defendant has a barrel “less than twelve inches in length.” The revolver involved was admitted into evidence as Exhibit #3 and has been examined by us, just as it was available for examination by the trial judge. This being the case, the length thereof is not a fact which is subject to a discretionary trial court finding. The measurement is an uncontroverted fact, and is not subject to expert testimony. In fact, no expert testimony was taken as to where a barrel begins or ends, the only testimony being that an officer measured the barrel from its muzzle1 to “where the barrel affixes to the receiver,” and stated his finding to be 11% inches overall. As is commonly known, and is apparent by an examination of the exhibit, the barrel screws into (or otherwise is held firm within) the receiver, and extends to within a small fraction of an inch of the revolver’s cylinder (in the instant case, approximately 1/32 of an inch). The fact that a portion of the barrel extends into or through the frame which is referred to as the “receiver” does not reduce the barrel’s length.2 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary succinctly defines a “barrel” as "... 3: a drum or cylinder or similar round part; as b: the tube of a gun from which the projectile is discharged.” The length is measured from the breech to the muzzle, which is but another way of saying: from its beginning to its end.3 As the exhibit itself establishes, the length of the barrel is 12% inches overall (including that portion extending through the frame), and hence the weapon is not one within the purview of Penal Code sections 12021 or 12001, which define a “firearm capable of being concealed upon the person.”