People v. Espinola

BARNARD, P. J. The defendant was charged with grand theft in each of five counts of an indictment returned by the grand jury of San Diego County. Two counts of the indictment were dismissed during the trial, and the jury brought in a verdict of not guilty with respect to two other counts and a verdict of guilty of the charge contained in the fifth count. The defendant moved for a new trial upon various grounds, including the insufficiency of the evidence, and the motion was granted on that ground. From the order granting a new trial the People have appealed.

The appellant contends that the order appealed from should be reversed because an abuse of discretion appears in that the trial court, in fact, granted a new trial because of its erroneous conception of the law and not because of any insufficiency in the evidence. The appellant relies upon the case of People v. Rothrock, 8 Cal. (2d) 21 [63 Pac. (2d) 807], and People v. Skoff, 131 Cal. App. 235 [21 Pac. (2d) 118], in support of its contentions. In the first of these eases, the court entered an order purporting to set aside a conviction after stating his reason therefor, which was that no legal plea had been entered. On appeal, it was held that a plea had been properly entered and that the order was erroneous, the court stating that the order was similar in effect to the granting of a new trial on the court's own motion, which could not be done. It fully appears in that case that the sufficiency or insufficiency of the evidence had nothing to do with the making of the order. In the second of the cited cases, a motion for a new trial was made on various grounds' which did not include that of the insufficiency of the evidence. A new trial was granted on the sole ground that a certain matter of evidence had been erroneously admitted, although later stricken, and “because the evidence in the absence thereof "was not sufficient to warrant a conviction”. After stating that the trial court was without authority to [484]grant a new trial on the ground of the insufficiency of the evidence since it had not been applied for upon that ground, and that a new trial had been granted not on the ground of lack of evidence but because of error in the admission of evidence, the appellate court reversed the order on the ground that there had been no error in the admission of the evidence in question and that, aside therefrom, there was sufficient evidence to support a conviction.

In seeking to bring the instant case within the rules applied in the two cases above referred to, the appellant refers to certain remarks made by the trial court in passing upon the motion for a new trial and just before the order was made. In those remarks, the court stated that the proceeding against the respondent was initiated by a grand jury indictment and not by a complaint brought by the membership or officers of the union, the funds of which the respondent was charged with taking; that any person or association may ratify the acts of its agent and, in so far as the evidence disclosed, what othe respondent did' had not been disapproved of by the union; that probably the verdict was a compromise on the part of the jury; and that the evidence was weaker with respect to a count on which he was found not guilty than it was concerning the count on which he was found guilty. It is argued that by referring to these four matters the court indicated that it had an erroneous conception of the law in connection therewith, and that it made the order complained of because of such misconceptions of law and not because of any insufficiency in the evidence.