National Automobile Insurance v. Industrial Accident Commission

SPENCE, J. Petitioner seeks the annulment of an award made by the respondent commission in favor of Richard F. Lee and against the petitioner.

The question of the propriety of the commission’s action in reforming the policy of insurance issued by petitioner is the sole question presented. There is no material conflict in the evidence.

J. C. McMahon was the lessee of certain premises in El Cerrito upon which was operated a “night club” known as the Wagon Wheel. He operated the “club room” in the back portion of the building and he subleased to Charles Thomas the entire front portion, consisting of the bar and the dining room. The policy of insurance was issued to “ J. C. McMahon and Charles Thomas, jointly and not severally, a copartnership, doing business as Wagon Wheel”. The undisputed evidence shows that no partnership existed at any time and that Lee, the injured employee, was in the employ of Thomas. The commission made its order that the policy “be reformed to express the true intent of the parties and to cover J. C. McMahon and Charles Thomas as individuals”.

Petitioner contends that the commission acted without and in excess of its powers as there was no evidence to sustain its order reforming said policy. Upon the record before us, we are of the opinion that this contention must be sustained.

It is conceded that the commission has jurisdiction to reform a policy of insurance upon a proper showing. (Bankers Indem. Ins. Co. v. Industrial Acc. Com., 4 Cal. (2d) 89 [47 Pac. (2d) 719].) It is further conceded that in certain cases the courts of this state have declared against the “entity theory” with respect to partnerships. (Seed v. Industrial Acc. Com., 10 Cal. (2d) 191 [73 Pac. (2d) 1212, 114 A. L. R. 720] ; First Nat. T. & S. Bank v. Industrial Acc. Com., 213 Cal. 322 [2 Pac. (2d) 347, 78 A. L. R. 1324]; Zimmerman v. Industrial Acc. Com., 119 Cal. App. 253 [6 Pac. (2d) 291].) But we do not believe that the cited cases are controlling here.

No authority has been called to our attention dealing with a policy which insured two or more persons “jointly and not severally” as a copartnership. Such was the provision of the policy here. It appears probable that this pol[227]icy was drafted in the light of the language of the opinion in First Nat. T. & S. Bank v. Industrial Acc. Com., supra, where the court said at page 332, “Had this insurance company desired to insure only this copartnership as an entity, it could have easily so designated in naming the employer.” It is entirely clear that the policy under consideration purported to insure only against the liability of a copartnership as employer and that it did not insure against the liability of either of the named individuals as employer. Such being the ease, there could be no justification for the award of the commission in favor of Lee, an employee of Thomas, under the policy as written and the award cannot be upheld unless there was evidence making out a proper case for reformation of the policy.