Bituminous Lime Rock Paving & Improvement Co. v. Fulton

SEARLS, C. The plaintiff in this cause appeals from a final judgment entered in favor of defendants. The action was instituted in the superior court in and for the county of Los Angeles to enforce a lien against certain property of the defendants, described in the complaint, which lien w,as created by an assessment made by the street superintendent of the city of Los Angeles, to obtain payment for certain work done under an act entitled “An act to provide for work upon streets,” etc., “within municipalities,” .approved March 18, 1885, as amended March 14, 1889, and known and designated as the “Vrooman act”: Stats. 1885, p. 147; Stats. 1889, p. 157. A demurrer was interposed to the complaint, which demurrer was sustained by the court, and, plaintiff declining to amend, final judgment was entered in favor of the defendant Charles Henderson. The demurrer was general, and averred that plaintiff’s complaint “fails to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against these defendants.” The particular reasons moving the court below to sustain the demurrer do not appear in the record, and we can only divine them by a perusal of the complaint, aided by the suggestion of causes therefor contained in the briefs of counsel.

It is urged by respondents that the complaint fails to aver that the city of Los Angeles is a municipal corporation, or [153]that New High street is an open public street. The allegation of the complaint is “that .... the city council of the city of Los Angeles, state and county aforesaid, passed a resolution of intention .... that New High street, in said city, from the north line of Franklin street to the south line of Temple street, .... be paved and curbed,” etc. The court will take judicial notice that the city of Los Angeles is a municipal corporation under and by virtue of several statutes of this state, duly passed for the purpose of organizing it into such corporation, and extending its limits, adding to and changing the powers of its municipal officers, etc.: Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1875.

A street is a “public thoroughfare or highway in a city or ■village”: Black’s Law Dictionary, tit. “Street.” A street is something more than a highway, for, besides its use as a highway for travel, it may be used for the accommodation of drains, sewers, aqueducts, water and gas pipes, and for other purposes conducive to the general police, sanitary, and business interests of a city: Bouvier’s Law Dictionary. It is a public highway of a city or village, over which all the citizens of the land have a right to pass and repass at pleasure: State v. Moriarty, 74 Ind. 104; Perrin v. Railroad Co., 36 N. Y. 126; Kelsey v. King, 33 How. Pr. (N. Y.) 43; City of Quincy v. Jones, 76 Ill. 244, 20 Am. Rep. 243. Section 1 of the act of 1885 (Stats. 1885, p. 147) provides that “all streets . . . . in the municipalities of this state now .open or dedicated, or which may hereafter be opened or dedicated, shall be deemed and held to be open public streets .... for the purposes of this act, and the city council of each municipality is hereby .... invested with jurisdiction to order to be done thereon any of the work mentioned in section two of this act.” Section 2 of the act, as amended in 1889 (Stats. 1889, p. 157), authorizes the city council to order work done upon the streets, of the character in question in this case. The evident object of the first section of the statute of 1885 was to enlarge the term “street,” so as to include, not only those that had been opened, but those also dedicated to street purposes, although not formally or officially accepted or opened as such. The effect was simply to make streets of a class which might not otherwise come within that category. When plaintiff, in its complaint, averred the passage of a resolution to pave and