Keller v. Lewis

By the COURT. Is the plaintiff entitled to a decree setting aside the agreement for the sale of the rancho “Tobango Malibu” made with defendant Carrie S. Lewis?

The complaint alleges failure to perform on the part of defendants and that they have abandoned the agreement. The answer admits the failure and contains no offer to perform, but alleges that the agreement is void, because defendant Carrie S. Lewis was induced to enter into by reason of false and fraudulent representations of plaintiff. The district court found no fraud, and we think the finding is sustained by the evidence.

The doctrine of courts of equity with respect to setting aside deeds, securities and agreements is referable to the jurisdiction they exercise in favor of a party, quia timet. When, therefore, the illegality of an instrument appears on the face of it, a court of equity will not interfere to direct it to be delivered up or canceled; in such case there can be no danger that lapse of time will deprive a party applying for its cancellation of his full means of defense.

It has been said where the instrument sought to be set aside is a deed purporting to convey the legal title, it will be canceled, as a cloud on the title of complainant, if, in case an action of ejectment should be brought on the deed, the burden of proving its invalidity Avould be cast upon the party applying for its' cancellation. But this, in respect to deeds; is but [31]the same thing as saying that if the deed is regular on its face and prima facie sufficient to convey the title, the equitable jurisdiction will be maintained. The important question is: Is the instrument valid on its face, and has the party seeking to annul it reasonable ground of fear that, with or without other evidence, it may be made the foundation of unjust and vexatious litigation against him?

By the terms of the agreement before us time is not of the essence of the contract. It is possible if the party named as purchaser should file a bill for specific performance, her prima facie case would not be made out, in the view of the court, without some evidence excusing her delay. But the agreement on its face is valid, and might be made the foundation of an action, and would certainly' constitute the most material and important portion of the evidence therein. While the agreement remains outstanding, it operates as a cloud which must seriously embarrass the disposition of plaintiff’s estate; but whether regarded as a cloud on his title or as a probable subject of future litigation, plaintiff has a right to have it set aside.