Finger v. McCaughey

Britt, C. Foreclosure of a mortgage made by George McCaughey on June 6, 1889, to secure his note of same date in plaintiff’s favor for the principal sum of five hundred dollars, payable February 6, 1890, which note contained a clause respecting interest as follows: “With interest from date at the rate of ten per cent per annum, provided this note is paid at maturity, but, if not paid at maturity, then it shall bear interest at the rate of twelve percent per annum from its date until paid, and, if the interest is not paid at the end of one year from date, it shall become a part of the principal and bear twelve per cent interest per annum.” George Mc-Caughey died on March 1, 1890, and the defendant became his administratrix; the demand of plaintiff, founded on said note and mortgage, was duly allowed as a claim against the estate of said deceased “ for the sum of five hundred dollars and the interest due or to become due thereon, at the rate of twelve per cent per annum.” Judgment of foreclosure and sale was rendered March [6611], 1895; the court declaring that there was then due to plaintiff, as principal and interest of his debt, the sum of $788.10. In ascertaining this amount the interest was compounded at twelve per cent per year from date of the note, with annual rests, giving credit for a payment of $150 made October 18, 1893. Defendant made no contest in the court below.

Appellant argues that only simple interest at ten per cent per annum was collectible on the note; that “ the attempt to increase the rate of interest on breach, and to have such increase relate back to the date of the note, is a penalty and void under section 1670 of the Civil Code.” We differ with appellant; in this state the rate of interest agreed upon in writing must be allowed according to the terms of the agreement until the entry of judgment (Civ. Code, sec. 1918); and it is competent for the parties to agree upon an increased rate contingent upon nonpayment of either principal or interest when due (Thompson v. Gorner, 104 Cal. 168; 43 Am. St. Rep. 81); we see no substantial ground for distinguishing this case from that. But in such a «contract the right to compound interest must find support in the terms employed by the parties; and the .stipulation in this note that if the interest is not paid .at the end of one year from date it should become part of the principal and hear interest, looks to the compounding of the interest accruing to June 6, 1890, but not afterward. (See Civ. Code, sec. 1919; Doe v. Vallejo, 29 Cal. 385; Estate of Den, 85 Cal. 692; Dean v. Applegarth, 65 Cal. 393.) It follows that the judgment for $783.10, principal and interest, was too great by $40.20, and should be modified accordingly. Several- other points are made by appellant, but we do not find them sufficiently meritorious to require discussion. The sum of forty dollars and twenty cents should be deducted from the amount found to be due the plaintiff, and thus modified the judgment should be affirmed, without costa ko appellant.