Holler v. Emerson

Garoutte, J. This is an action to recover possession of a small tract of land. Plaintiff and defendant are patentees from the United States government to lots 2 and 9, respectively, of section 5, of a certain township and range. The result of this litigation is dependent upon the proper location of the division line between these aforesaid lots. The section is found in the northern tier of sections of the township, and contains something

[575]in excess of nine hundred acres. It is depicted upon the official map of the township as follows:

TOWNSHIP LINE.

It will be observed from the plat that the exterior lines of the section are marked out upon the ground by the government survey, save a portion of tne western boundary line. It further appears by the field-notes that such line was never run. The surveyor general, in platting the survey, projected a line due north from the northwest corner of the southwest quarter (an established corner) to the township line, as a dividing line between sections 5 and 6, and thereupon divided the excess of the section as appears from the plat.

The true line between lots 2 and 9 is dependent upon the location of' the quarter section corner upon the township line, a corner which was not established by the government surveyor. Hence, it follows that the location of that corner is dependent upon the northwest corner of the section (an unestablished corner), for it must be conceded that the quarter section corner should be located at a point equidistant from the northeast and northwest corner^ of the section. The trial court held that the northwest corner of the section should be located by running a line north to the township line from the established corner at the northwest corner of the southwest quarter. This also was evidently the view [576]taken by the surveyor general when lie platted the township from the field-notes, and we think it entirely sound. If the government surveyor had fully performed his duty, and run this line, he would have run it due north to the township line, and there at the point of intersection would have been the true corner; and there we should now hold it to be. Appellant contends, with reason, that the map shows the north line of the section to be eighty chains in length, and, there being no monument to indicate the northwest corner of the section,, it should be established by running west upon the township line from the northeast corner of the section eighty chains, the course and distance thus controlling in the absence of monuments. If the boundary lines under consideration had been established by private survey, we would attach much weight to this contention, but such is not the case. We are now engaged in tracing a government survey for the purpose of locating the exterior lines of a section, and, in the interpretation of that survey, we are bound to take into consideration the rules and principles applicable to the laying out of townships by government surveyors. Invoking these principles, we know that the western boundary line of section 5, when it reaches the township line, terminates; and, there being no reason apparent why it should not do so, we are also bound to assume that the western boundary line runs due north to the township line. These conditions being true, the point where this line intersects the township line will be the corner of the section beyond any question. To establish the corner at a point eighty chains west of the northeast corner of the section would cause the western boundary line to assume a northeasterly course, and, also, cause section 6 adjoining upon the west to present a most unsightly and irregular appearance.