Poly, Heilbron & Co. v. Williams

Fitzgerald, J.— This action was brought by plaintiffs to recover on a certain promissory note executed to them by .the defendant.

Defendant, in his answer, set up a counterclaim, alleging “that the plaintiffs are indebted to the defendant in the sum of twelve hundred dollars upon an account for nursery stock, consisting of fruit trees and grapevines eaten up and destroyed by the hogs, cattle, and horses of the plaintiffs, during the year of 1892, prior to the commencement of this action, at the county of Fresno, and state of California, which the plaintiffs then and there promised and agreed to pay the defendant.”-

“ That no part thereof has been paid, and that the said sum of twelve hundred dollars is now due and owing to the defendant from the plaintiffs.”

Plaintiffs demurred to that part of the answer pleading a counterclaim and at the same time moved the court to strike it out.

The demurrer was sustained, and the motion granted, and, upon defendant declining to amend, the case was tried by the court without a jury, and judgment given for plaintiffs.

This appeal is taken by the defendant from the judgment and the order denying his motion for a new trial.

The only question necessary to be determined on this appeal is, did the counterclaim set out in the defendant’s answer state a cause of action arising upon contract, and existing at the commencement of the action, within'the meaning of the provisions of subdivision 2 of section 438 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

[650]It is contended by respondents that the alleged counterclaim is based entirely upon an alleged trespass, from which no contractual liability can be implied.

This contention cannot be sustained.

While it is true that a counterclaim sounding in tort cannot be set up as a defense to an action arising upon contract, yet it is equally true that a promise or agreement to pay a stated sum of money in full satisfaction of damages resulting from a tort becomes a matter arising upon contract, and, as such, may be properly pleaded as a counterclaim to an' action founded upon contract.

The counterclaim herein, although somewhat informally pleaded, states a valid, express promise by plaintiffs to pay to the defendant the sum of twelve hundred dollars upon an account for nursery stock destroyed as alleged. It may be that the facts constituting the trespass were stated merely for the purpose of showing a consideration for the promise "and agreement alleged, and not for the purpose of raising an implied promise therefrom from as claimed by respondents.