Hayne v. Hermann

Harrison, J. Action to obtain a judgment that certain property is held by the defendant in trust for the plaintiff, and for a conveyance thereof.

E. C. Hermann, the father of the plaintiff and the husband of the defendant, in his lifetime caused a certain tract of land in Los Angeles County, of which he was the owner, to be conveyed to the defendant, and also certain moneys and other personal property to be paid and delivered to her. The court finds “ that said money was paid to defendant, and note and deed delivered to' her, upon the express understanding and agreement that she would hold the same in trust for said E. C. Hermann during his life, and for plaintiff and herself in equal proportions after his death, and said defendant accepted said money, note, and deed, to hold in trust as aforesaid, and without having paid any consideration therefor.'” This finding is fully sustained by the evidence. Von der Kuhlen, who held the property in trust for Hermann, and who made the conveyance to [261]the defendant, testified: “On the direction of Mr. Hermann, she was to hold it in trust for Mr. Hermann while he lived, and then for plaintiff and defendant equally. That is what was said at the making of the arrangement, —that she should keep it in that way,—and Mrs. Hermann consented.” The plaintiff herself testified: “ My father directed the deed to be made to my mother by Mr. Von der Kulilen. It was said by my father and mother at the time, as to making the deed that way, that it was to be made in my mother's name for my father in trust, and after a while to be divided up in equal proportions. My mother agreed to that. Mother and father said that it was to be held in trust for him, and after his death it was to be divided in equal parts between me and my mother.....My father said to me and my mother that she was to take the deed in her name in trust for the family.....My father said the property was to be for us both, and said that it was to be conveyed to my mother in trust. I heard him use the word ‘trust.’” Other testimony to the same effect was given by these witnesses, and the finding of the court in conformity therewith must be sustained.

^ It is objected, however, on the part of the appellant, that a trust in lands cannot be created by parol, and that inasmuch as there was no note or memorandum in writing expressing the trust, no trust was created, and that she is entitled to retain the property as her own estate. Constructive trusts, however, or such as arise by operation of law, are expressly excepted from the requirement that a trust can only be created by an instrument in writing (Civ. Code, sec. 852); and whenever one person acquires from another the title to real estate by a fraud, actual or constructive, practiced upon that other, a constructive trust is created, which a court of equity will fasten upon the title in his hands. There are certain relations in which such confidence and trust exist between the parties that any dealings between them wherein one obtains an advantage from the other raises the presumption of fraud, and casts upon him the