California Supreme Court Jan 26, 1886 No. No. 9919Published
Before: McIcee
Synopsis
Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, and from an order refusing a new trial.
The action was brought to foreclose a mortgage. The further facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
McICee, J. — The appeal taken by defendant in this case is from a decree of foreclosure and an order denying a motion for a new trial.
I. The order denying the motion was made upon a statement of the case, indorsed by the court “ allowed,” and by the clerk of the court, “engrossed statement on motion for new trial.” The document merely specifies the object of the action, the pleadings in the case, the content's of a deed which, it is claimed, was the basis of a counter-claim filed by the defendant, and errors of law occurring at the trial. It contains no statements of any evidence given at the trial, except the deed referred to as the basis of the counter-claim; no specifications of particulars in which any evidence was claimed to have been insufficient to sustain any finding, no notice of motion designating the grounds upon which the motion would be made, and no motion based upon any statutory grounds. The only reference to a motion is found in the order appealed from, which shows that the parties appeared by their respective attorneys, and “the defendant moves the court for a new trial herein, and in support of said motion offers in evidence the statement on motion for new trial and the judgment roll herein. Whereupon the motion for new trial is denied by the court, and defendant excepts to the ruling of the court.”
The office of a statement on motion for a new trial is to bring into the record those matters which have arisen in the progress of the trial, and matters which constitute the basis of the motion or grounds for a new trial, out [376]of which arises whatever questions the appellant desires to have reviewed, on appeal from the order granting or refusing a new trial. (Code Civ. Proc., secs. 656, 657, 659; Harper v. Minor, 27 Cal. 107.)
A statement which does not specify any errors of fact or of law on which the moving party will rely for a new trial is wanting in its essential elements, and is insufficient as the basis of a motion. (Sub. 3, sec. 659, supra; Ferrer v. Home Mutual Insurance Company, 47 Cal. 416; Crowther v. Rowlandson, 27 Cal. 385; Burnett v. Pacheco, 27 Cal. 408; Partridge v. Ban Francisco, 27 Cal. 416; Beans v. Emanuelli, 36 Cal. 117.) As, therefore, the statement in the record does not specify any error of fact on which the motion for a new trial was made, the decision of the court must be regarded as conclusive of the facts of the case.
“Particular errors of law occurring at the trial of" said cause, on which defendant will rely on hearing of motion for new trial:—
■ “1. The court erred in allowing a trial of the cause by jury, and in refusing to strike out and vacate the order for jury trial.
“2. The court erred in submitting certain issues to the jury
“3. The court erred in allowing plaintiff to amend his 'complaint at the close of his evidence.”
The allowance of a trial by jury in an equity case, or of amendments to pleadings at any stage in the proceedings, is a matter addressed to the sound legal discretion of the trial court; and this court never interferes with the exercise of that discretion, except where there -is a showing that the discretion has been abused. No such showing is made in this case.
The court, however, did err in overruling the objec-" tians to the proposed issues submitted to the jury as to the deed referred to as the basis of defendant’s coun[377]ter-claim; but the error was not prejudicial, because upon the evidence the court itself, notwithstanding the answers of the jury, found all the facts in connection with the deed and counter-claim, and decided the question of the validity of the claim. No attack has been made upon the findings; it must therefore be accepted as conclusive of the facts, and the only question is, whether the facts warrant the conclusion drawn by the court. That question arises on the appeal from the judgment.
III. On that appeal the errors insisted upon are:—
“ 1. The findings of fact do not respond to the issues made by the pleadings.
“2. The conclusions of law are not sustained by the findings of fact, and are not based on facts or the pleadings.”
The pleadings consist of the complaint, demurrers, and answer. The complaint contains a, statement of facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action for the recovery of a judgment upon the note, and foreclosure of the mortgage in suit. The answer specifically denies all the allegations of the complaint, and sets up as separate and distinct defenses against the note and mortgage,— 1. A set-off or counter-claim for $1.712, money alleged to have been received for the defendant in October, 1880, by the original mortgagee from a sale of real property which he had and held for the benefit of himself and defendant; and 2. That the premises described in the mortgage were, at the date of the mortgage, the homestead of the defendant,- and that the mortgage-exeouted thereon was void.
The court finds that all the allegations of the complaint are true; that the original mortgagee was not indebted to defendant for moneys had and received, that there was no off-set or counter-claim against the note; and that, the facts in connection with the claim of homestead upon the mortgage premises are as follows:—
[378]“On the ninth day of February, 1870, the defendant Annie Stewart and one John Sherman were, and for a long time prior thereto had been, husband and wife; and as such husband and wife they were the owners in fee of the land and premises known as lot G, in block 93, of Horton’s Addition to the city of San Diego, in the county of San Diego, state of California, as community property, and were then actually residing and living in their dwelling-house thereon with their children. That while they were so the owners as aforesaid and so residing with their family on said premises, the said Annie Stewart, then the wife of the said John Sherman, on the ninth day of February, 1870, selected said land, together with the dwelling-house thereon, and its appurtenances, as a homestead for herself, her children, and her said husband, and to that end she, in due form of law, and in writing, made, signed, executed, and acknowledged on said date a declaration of intention to claim said premises as a homestead; which said declaration was thereafter recorded in the proper books of records in the recorder’s office of San Diego County, as required by law, in Homestead Book 1, page 41, etc.....That afterward, during the year 1870, said John Sherman died, leaving surviving him the defendant Annie Stewart and two minor children; that thereafter, during said year 1870, the defendant Annie Stewart intermarried with one R. W. McQuilkin, and ever since has been his lawful wife, of all of which said plaintiff and said Matthew Carruthers had notice, although for a portion of the time they supposed that said McQuilkin was dead; that since the execution and recording of said declaration of homestead, said Annie Stewart has occupied said premises and claimed the same as a homestead under and by virtue of said declaration and dedication, which homestead premises are the same premises described in the mortgage ■in plaintiff’s complaint described; that said premises are now and always have been of less value than five [379]thousand dollars; that'said mortgage is not signed by said R. W. McQuilkin, and the same is not void as a lien against said homestead premises.”
The findings are responsive to the pleadings, and cover the issues made by them, and as they are conclusive of the facts stated in them, the only question arising upon the assignment of errors is, whether they warrant the conclusion drawn from them that the plaintiff was entitled to a foreclosure and sale of the mortgaged premises.
Dedication of the premises as a homestead was made in 1870, under the Homestead Law of 1860, as amended in 1862, which was then in force. By that law it was declared that the husband and wife shall be deemed to hold the homestead as joint tenants (Stats. 1860, p. 311); and that upon the death of either spouse the homestead property shall vest absolutely in the survivor, and be held by the survivor as fully and amply as the same was held by them, or either of them, immediately preceding the death of the deceased, etc. (Stats. 1862, p. 519.) Under the law, therefore, when the husband, John Sherman, died in 1870, the homestead property vested absolutely in the defendant as his surviving wife, and she became the sole owner of it, as of her separate estate. As her separate property, it was not affected by her subsequent marriage with McQuilkin. The marriage changed her social status, but it did not change her right to the property. In its title and use it remained vested in her as the true owner, usable by her for her exclusive benefit, and disposable by her, without the consent of her husband, in the manner provided by law; i. e., by a conveyance of the property executed and acknowledged by her as a married woman, before an officer authorized to take her acknowledgment.
The defendant did make such a disposition of the jmoperty on the 3d of September, 1881, when she, by the name of Mrs. Annie Stewart, late Annie Sherman, signed [380]and delivered the promissory note, and executed and acknowledged as a married woman, and delivered, the mortgage in suit. The conclusion that the mortgage was valid, and that the plaintiff was entitled to judgment, and foreclosure and sale of the mortgage premises, was therefore properly drawn from the findings.
IV. Lastly, appellant insists that “the court got no jurisdiction of the res, because there is no allegation in the complaint that the real estate upon which the lien is claimed is in San Diego County or the state of California.” And that the description of the mortgage premises is insufficient to confer jurisdiction.
- The allegations of the complaint are: “ That on a certain day, to wit, the third day of September, 1881, at the said county of San Diego, in the state of California, the said defendant Annie Stewart made her certain promissory note in writing,” and as security for .payment of the same, executed, acknowledged, and delivered a certain mortgage, “ which was duly recorded in the office of the recorder of said county of San Diego, — a copy of which, being marked as exhibit A, was annexed to the complaint and made part thereof. The premises are described as “ all that certain piece or parcel of land bounded and described as follows, to wit: lot lettered G, in block numbered ninety-three (93), in Horton’s Addition to San Diego, as per maps on file in the county recorder’s office, made by James Pascoe, together with the improvements on said lot.”
Affirmatively it sufficiently appears that the real estate is in San Diego County, and the court takes judicial notice that there is but one San Diego County in the state of California; therefore the court had jurisdiction of the subject of the action.
The mortgage was not void for want of a sufficient description of the property; and the property was sufficiently described for the exercise of the jurisdiction of the court.
[381]’ But even if the description were indefinite, it would be no objection to the enforcement of the mortgage against the mortgagor. In an action for foreclosure of a mortgage as it is written, a mortgagor cannot be heard to complain of an indefinite description of the property-mortgaged, whatever might be the effect of a sale under the description. (Whitney v. Buckman, 13 Cal. 536; Try on v. Sutton, 13 Cal. 490.)
There is no prejudicial error in the record-judgment and order affirmed. •
Holding. The court held that a mortgage executed by a surviving spouse on property held as a homestead is valid and enforceable, and that the trial court properly exercised its jurisdiction over the property.
Issues
Whether a statement on motion for a new trial is sufficient without specifications of error.
Whether the trial court abused its discretion in allowing a jury trial or amending pleadings in an equity case.
Whether a mortgage executed by a surviving spouse on homestead property is valid without the consent of a subsequent spouse.
Whether the complaint sufficiently alleged the location of the property to confer jurisdiction.
Disposition. affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The allowance of a trial by jury in an equity case, or of amendments to pleadings at any stage in the proceedings, is a matter addressed to the sound legal discretion of the trial court”
“Under the law, therefore, when the husband, John Sherman, died in 1870, the homestead property vested absolutely in the defendant as his surviving wife, and she became the sole owner of it, as of her separate estate.”
“The mortgage was not void for want of a sufficient description of the property; and the property was sufficiently described for the exercise of the jurisdiction of the court.”