Buxton v. Traver

McKee, J. Appeal from a judgment of dismissal entered on sustaining a general demurrer to the complaint.

The complaint shows, that the plaintiffs are daughters and the defendant Hattie Traver the widow of Oscar Traver, deceased; that Oscar Traver died in the year 1877 in possession of the tract of land described in the complaint, leaving surviving him the said widow and two daughters as his sole heirs-at-law; that after his death, the widow continued to reside on the land, and in November, 1879, she made a homestead entry upon it, and on the 10th of, November, 1879, obtained for it a patent from the United States. This patent the plaintiffs claim inures to the benefit of the heirs-at-law of the deceased; and the object of the suit in hand is to have the widow as the recipient of the United States patent declared their trustee of an undivided one-half interest in the land, and of the rents, issues, and profits of the same.

They base this claim upon section 2269 of the United States Revised Statutes, which is as follows: —

“ Where a party entitled to claim the benefits of the preemption law dies before consummating his claim, by filing in due time all the papers essential "to the establishment of the same, it shall be competent for the executor or administrator of the estate of such party, or one of the heirs, to file the necessary papers to complete the same; but the entry in such cases shall be made in favor of the heirs of the deceased pre-emptor, and a patent thereon shall cause the title to inure to such heirs, as if their names had been specially mentioned.”

Of the validity of this statute there is no question. (Elliott v. Figg, 59 Cal. 117.) But it has no reference to an entry made under the homestead laws of the United States; it refers only to an entry made in consummation of a claim of right to land, asserted under the pre-emption laws of the United States, by a pre-emptor, who dies before completing his claim, by filing the requisite papers. In such a case, the statute extends the right," after the death of the pre-emptor, to his executor or administrator, or any of his heirs-at-law, to complete the claim initiated by him, by filing the papers necessary for the purpose, and to enter the land for the benefit of all the heirs. But the complaint contains no case under the statute. Its statement of [173]facts shows: That the land patented to the defendant Hattie was, in the year 1870, part of the unsnrveyed public land of the United States open to pre-emption; that Oscar Traver settled upon it that year with the intention of acquiring title thereto from the United States as soon as he could; that he was a duly qualified pre-emptor, and in that capacity, resided on the land with his family, consisting of the plaintiffs and the defendant Hattie, until his death in 1877; that he died without leaving a last will, and there was no administration of his estate; and it appears that neither the widow nor the plaintiffs, nor either of • them, after his death suggested or presented any claim initiated by him, or filed any papers for the purpose of completing such "a claim if it existed, or took any steps for the entry of the land under the pre-emption laws for the benefit of the heirs. It is -alleged, however, that the widow continued to occupy the land after his death, and it is charged that it was her duty to complete the pre-emption of the deceased, and enter the land for the benefit of the heirs. That she did not perform that duty, but instead fraudulently communicated to the plaintiffs as fact that their father died without leaving any property, and thus prevented them from establishing their father’s claim by the requisite proof, and then entered the land in her oto name and for her own behoof.