Robinson v. Haas
Before: Wallace
Synopsis
Appeal from tbe District Court of tbe Twelfth District, City and County of San Francisco.
Tbe plaintiff owned a large number of sbeep, and contracted witb O. G. Rood to keep them, for a certain length of time, in Santa Barbara county, upon tbe terms that at tbe end of that time, tbe original number of sbeep should be made good to plaintiff out of the flock; and tbe increase, if any, divided between plaintiff and said Rood.
In 1864, wbicb was a dry season, Rood, by permission of plaintiff, left Santa Barbara county, witb tbe sbeep to seek for pasture. After leaving Santa Barbara County, Rood continually wrote to plaintiff, concerning Ms movements. Finally, in 1865, be returned to California, wbicb be bad left, and arrived at Yisalia in Tulare county. While at Yisalia, Rood sold tbe sbeep to tbe defendant.
Plaintiff having ceased to bear from Rood, made every effort to find him and finally learned that defendant bad purchased a flock of sbeep of him, on tbe thirty-first day of March, 1865. In June, 1865, defendant was informedtbat tbe sbeep belonged to plaintiff. Afterwards tbe plaintiff demanded tbe sbeep of defendant, wbicb demand was refused.
Plaintiff then brought bis action. On tbe trial tbe letters from Rood to tbe plaintiff while be (Rood) was in possession of tbe sbeep, going to show bow be held them, were offered in evidence by tbe plaintiff, and admitted against tbe objection of defendant.
Judgment was for plaintiff and defendant appealed.
Tbe letters written by Rood to plaintiff contain propositions of fact, wbicb are very material to tbe issue. They are:
P. That O. G. Rood moved tbe flock of sbeep be took with him from Santa Barbara County in June, 1864, from place to place, until on tbe 9th day of March, 1865, be bad them at Yisalia.
2. That on tbe 24th day of March, 1865, tbe same sbeep were still in bis possesion at Yisalia, and required shearing.
3. That “a good many,” of tbe original 2,000 ewes and “nearly all” tbe increase, (“my,” tbe writer’s increase,) died on tbe way.
4. That on tbe 24th day of March, 1865, tbe flock numbered 1,700 bead in all; and
5. That Rood considered tbe sbeep as being owned by tbe plaintiff.
Taken in connection with tbe defendant’s admissions to tbe witness Wise, and with bis letter to and draft on tbe witness Earrish, these letters tend to establish the indentitj of the 1,500 sheep purchased by the defendant of Rood, with the flock moved by the latter from Santa Barbara County in June, 1864, if not almost wholly with the 2,000 ewes delivered by the plaintiffs to Rood under that written coutract.
Wallace, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, Bhodes, C. J., and Ckoceett, J., concurring:
There was no error in admitting in evidence the letters of Bood, written by him while he was in 'possession of the sheep, and addressed to Bobinson. Hass claimed the property by purchase of Bood; he therefore stood in privity with the latter, and these letters, or any other admissions made by Bood while in possession, going to show how he held the property, would be proper evidence, against Bood himself, or any subsequent transferee of his.
There is nothing in the point that the contract of May, 1863, between Bobinson and Bood, constituted them partners. It was simply an employment of Bood to take care of Bobinson’s sheep, upon the terms that at the end of three years, the original number of 2,000 head should be first returned to Bobinson, and then the increase should be equally divided between Bobinson and Bood. At the time Bood sold to Haas there was no increase whatever over the original number, but several hundred less than that number. Bood could have claimed none of these sheep as against Bobinson; and we have not been pointed to any principle of law by which Haas occupies a more favorable position than Bood, his vendor, would have done.
The Court below refused to instruct the jury, at the instance of the defendant, that as Bobinson had intrusted his [479]sheep to Bood to drive to distant parts of tiie State in quest of feed, be thereby gave him credit, and enabled him to impose himself on Haas as the owner of the sheep, and that — Haas having purchased under these circumstances-^-Bobinson, though he might be the true owner of the sheep, could not recover.
The maxim, nemo plus juris, etc., is generally applicable to transfers of chattels. By the general rule of the English common law, a sale of goods made would pass to the purchaser only such title as the vendor had. Sales in market overt formed an exception to this rule, but in this State there is no market overt.
The delivery of the sheep to Bood by Bobinson, was a mere bailment for the benefit of both parties, and did not divest the title of the true owner.
We see no error in the record; and the judgment and order denying a new trial are affirmed.
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