People v. Best

Sprague, J., delivered the opinion of the Court:

bio part of the evidence given on the trial is brought up Avith the record.

The only errors assigned upon the record or now argued by appellant are the refusals of the Court to give certain instructions asked for by the defendant.

Without the evidence before us it is impossible for this Court to determine whether the refusal of the Court below to give the instruction asked was or was not error. When error is alleged, it must be affirmatively shown by the party alleging it. An instruction may be sound as an abstract proposition of larv, yet have no application to the facts of the case, as disclosed by the evidence. In such case the Court may, and properly should refuse the instruction. bTo instruction should ever be given unless there is some evidence before the jury to which it is applicable upon some rational theory of the case logically deducible from such evidence. (People v. McCauley, 1 Cal. 385; People v. Roberts, 6 Id. 217; People v. Arnold, 15 Id. 482; People v. Sanchez, 24 Id. 28; People v. King, 27 Id. 514; People v. Byrnes, 30 Id. 207; People v. Williams, 32 Id. 284.)

The first assignment of error is too general and indefinite to require notice, as it does not specify any particular wherein the Court misdirected the jury in matter of law.

[692]The second error assigned and now urged is the refusal of the Court to give an instruction asked by defendant, as follows : ‘ The character of the weapon used is not evidence of deliberation if you find that, it being near at hand, he snatched it up at the instant of the act.” The evidence may possibly have been of a character to justify its refusal. As the evidence is not before us, we are unable to determine the question, and must presume in favor of the action of the Court below. Error cannot be presumed, but must be affirmatively shown.

The third error assigned and now urged, is the refusal of the Court to give an instruction asked, which, as it appears in the transcript and in appellant’s brief, is so vague and unintelligible as to justify its refusal under any conceivable state of facts, but by omitting the word not between the words icoulcl and influence, in the second line, the instruction would then be intelligible but unsound as an abstract proposition of law, as it in effect would instruct the jury that, unless the evidence disclosed a rational motive on the part of defendant for the commission of the homicide, they must find him not guilty.