People v. Ah Ping (1865) · DecisionDepot

People v. Ah Ping

Name: California Superior Court Tentative Rulings
Creator: DecisionDepot
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

California Supreme Court Jul 1, 1865Published

Before: Shafter

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Holding. The trial court erred in instructing the jury that a defendant's mere presence during a theft without interference creates a legal presumption of guilt or shifts the burden of proof to the defendant. Such facts do not establish guilt as a matter of law and must be weighed by the jury as questions of fact.

Issues

Whether a jury instruction stating that a defendant's failure to prevent a crime committed in their presence shifts the burden of proof to the defendant is legally correct.
Whether the effect of facts showing a defendant witnessed a crime without interference is a question of law for the court or a question of fact for the jury.

Disposition. Judgment reversed and new trial ordered.

Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion

“The appellant may have been in the house with one who was, himself, there, with felonious intent; he may have seen the latter in the act of committing a felony and have made no attempt to interfere, and still be entirely innocent.”

“If the facts, put hypothetically, were found, their effect would not be a question of law, to be passed upon by the Court, but of fact, to be determined by the jury.”

Synopsis

Entering House with Intent to Steal.—The mere fact that one person is with another who enters a dwelling house and steals therefrom, and sees him steal without interference on his part to prevent it, does not render him guilty of the crime of maliciously entering a dwelling house in the daytime with intent to steal property therein, nor will the proof of such facts cast on him the burden of proving himself innocent.

By the Court, Shafter, J. Ah Ping, the appellant, was indicted jointly with Ah You under the Act of 1864 (Acts 1864, p. 104) for maliciously entering a certain dwelling house with intent to steal certain personal property therein. The question for the jury was the alleged breaking into the house with the intent charged. The Court charged, amongst other things, that “ it is not necessary, to hold the defendant guilty of the offense charged against him in the indictment, that he be proved positively to have stolen something. If it be proved that he was with the one who did steal as charged in the indictment, and saw him steal without interference on defendant’s part to prevent it, upon the defendant will then devolve the labor of proving himself innocent ; otherwise he would be held guilty as an accessory. An accessory is an aider and abettor, and our statutes treat him as a principal, and'subject to the same rules of law. An accessory is one who stands by and aids and abets and assists, or who counsels and advises the perpetration of a crime.” This instruction is erroneous. The definition of the term “ accessory ” is correctly given, (Wood’s Dig. 329, Sec. 11,) [491]but it cannot be said that the facts, enumerated in the charge, would establish the guilt of the accused by legal conclusion. The appellant may have been in the house with one who was, himself, there, with felonious intent; he may have seen the latter in the act of committing a felony and have made no attempt to interfere, and still be entirely innocent. These facts, if found, would not necessarily have established the defendant’s guilt, nor, what amounts to the same thing, would they have “ devolved upon him the labor of proving himself innocent.” If the facts, put hypothetically, were found, their effect would not be a question of law, to be passed upon by the Court, but of fact, to be determined by the jury. The charge was erroneous in other particulars, but the error already remarked upon requires that the judgment should be set aside.

Judgment reversed and new trial ordered.

People v. Ah Ping

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