Brown v. Howard

By the Court,

Hastings, Ch. J. The plaintiff Brown brought a suit against the defendants Howards in the district court of the fourth judicial district, to recover a sum of money, alleged to be due from the defendants to plaintiff, and sued out an attachment under which the sheriff of San Francisco seized a quantity of coal on board the ship Orphan. Soon thereafter, one Tyson, by virtue of section 37 of the statute entitled, “An Act to Regulate Proceedings against Debtors by Attachment,” interpleaded in the suit, claiming to have a lien on the coal for the hire of the ship. Plaintiff filed an answer denying that Tyson had any lien on the coal, and the cause came on for trial on the 16th day of January last on this issue, and judgment was rendered to the effect that Tyson had such lien. Brown appealed to this court, and the question now is, whether, under [424]the state of facts appearing before the district court on the trial, Tyson had the lien. If he had, the judgment must be affirmed ; if not, it must be reversed.

This question must be determined by an examination of the charter-party set out in the interpleader, and proved on the trial. By that, Tyson let the ship Orphan for fifteen months to the Howards, (and they were at liberty to keep her nine months longer on the same terms,) at the rate of two thousand dollars per month, payment to be made semi-annually in New York. By the charter-party, the time commenced running when the ship was ready to load in England, from which she was to proceed to some port in the Pacific Ocean, where she was to be employed until the close of the term, 15 months or two years, as the charterers should elect. The vessel was to be returned to New York or England. A right to detain goods until the freight thereon is paid, which is the lien claimed in this case, grows out of the usage of trade. (Chandler v. Belden, 18 Johnson's Rep. 157.) Although a part of the law-laid down in the above case has been in effect overruled, yet the principle above announced has never been questioned. Where there is a known usage of trade, persons carrying on that trade are held to have contracted in reference to the usage, (unless the contrary appear,) and the usage forms a part of the contract. Hence it is evident that a lien, if any exist, is the result of a contract, and if, taking the usage of trade and the stipulations of the charter-party into consideration, it can be fairly inferred that the parties to the charter-party intended that the ship owners should have the right to retain the goods, until the lien of the ship should be paid, as security for such hire, then Tyson has the lien. If they did not so intend, then the lien does not exist. That this is the true doctrine is evident from the opinion of Tindal, chief justice, in the case of Belcher v. Cooper, decided in 1842, (English Com. Law Rep. vol. 43, page 262,) where, after an examination of the cases, the right of lien is made to turn upon the question, whether the parties to the charter-party “ intended that a personal credit should be given to the charterer for the payment of the hire of the vessel,” or “ whether a