Ledley v. Hays

By the Court,

Bennett, J. This was an action of replevin for taking and detaining personal property of the plaintiff. The defendant, as sheriff of the county of San Francisco, seized upon a wagon and team as the property of one Elliott, under an execution against him, and whilst he had,them in his charge and custody. At the time of the seizure, Elliott informed the [161]defendant that the plaintiff owned the wagon and team and that he (Elliott) had no interest in them. The plaintiff was non-suited at the trial on the ground that a demand was necessary before suit brought, and this presents the only point for consideration.

The defense was based upon the ground that Elliott had transferred the wagon and team to the plaintiff in fraud of his creditors, and that, the defendant having levied upon the property while in the charge of Elliott, a demand should have been made before bringing suit. On the question of fraud conflicting evidence was given, which was proper to have been submitted to the jury to pass upon, and wo must, therefore, in determining this question of nonsuit, assume that the property •was owned by the plaintiff, and that Elliott was, as the plaintiff claims him to have been, a mere servant.

The possession of a servant is the possession of the master for the purpose of maintaining trespass ; (1 Chitty's Pl. 194;) and the same rule applies in an action of replevin in the cepit. (Barrett v. Warren, 3 Hill, 348.) The plaintiff must, therefore, be deemed to have been in the possession of the property at the time of the levy, and, the sheriff having had notice that the wagon and team were owned by the plaintiff, the original taking was tortious, and no demand was necessary before bringing suit.

In Acker v. Campbell, (23 Wend. 371,) an action of replevin in the cepit was sustained against a sheriff without any previous demand. In that case, goods had been sold and delivered by the plaintiffs to one Hooker, and the sheriff levied upon them while they were in the possession of the latter under an execution against him. It was established that the goods were procured of the plaintiffs through fraud; and although the sheriff took them out of the possession of Hooker, it was nevertheless held, that he was liable to the plaintiffs in an action of trespass, or of replevin in the cepit, in neither of which actions is a, previous demand necessary. We understand it to be law, that the sheriff is liable in either form of action, without a previous demand, even where, by mistake, he takes the goods of a wrong person