REYNA KILLION, ORDER MODIFYING OPINION [NO CHANGE IN JUDGMENT] Defendant and Appellant.
The published opinion filed in this matter on June 11, 2018, is modified as
follows:
1. On page 3, the first full paragraph, the word legislator in lines four and five
should be changed to [Legislature].
2. On page 4, the first paragraph under the heading DISCUSSION, the word
mandate should be changed to mandates.
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Except for these modifications, the opinion remains unchanged. These
modifications do not affect a change in the judgment.
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
McKINSTER J.
We concur:
RAMIREZ P. J.
SLOUGH J.
2
Filed 6/11/18 (unmodified version)
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E068225
v. (Super.Ct.No. RIF1506516)
REYNA KILLION, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. L. Jackson Lucky IV,
Judge. Reversed with directions.
Steven L. Harmon, Public Defender, and Joshua A. Knight, Deputy Public
Defender, for Defendant and Appellant.
Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, and Barry Carlton and Seth M.
Friedman, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Defendant and appellant, Reyna Killion, filed a motion to reduce her conviction
for felony assault with a deadly weapon to a misdemeanor and for termination of her
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probation. The court granted defendant’s request to reduce her offense to a
misdemeanor, but denied her request to terminate her probation. On appeal, defendant
contends the court erred in determining it did not have jurisdiction to terminate her
probation. The order is reversed and remanded.
I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On October 29, 2015, the People filed a felony complaint charging defendant with
domestic violence (count 1; Pen. Code, § 273.5, subd. (a))1 and assault with a deadly
weapon other than a firearm, an automobile (count 2; § 245, subd. (a)(1)). On February
2, 2016, pursuant to a plea agreement, defendant pled guilty to assault with a deadly
weapon other than a firearm. (§ 245, subd. (a)(1); count 2.)2 In accord with the plea
agreement, the court granted defendant three years of formal probation on domestic
violence terms pursuant to section 1203.097.
On April 7, 2017, defendant filed a motion to reduce the offense to a misdemeanor
and for termination of her probation. Defendant alleged she had completed a 52-week
domestic violence program, had been on probation for approximately 15 months with no
probation violations, and had no outstanding balance owed to the court. The People
opposed the motion. At the hearing on the motion, the court indicated it would “give
everybody my tentative. I think [defense counsel] knows what’s coming. Based on the
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code.
2 The parties stipulated the factual basis for the plea would consist of the allegations in the complaint.
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short length of probation, and because I believe [section] 1203.097 requires three years of
probation, I don’t believe the Court has jurisdiction to terminate probation early when the
statute prescribes a minimum length of probation. [¶] I’ve invited anybody to brief me
on this issue, but I don’t think you are going to find cases because I could not find one
stating one way or the other.”
After argument, the court noted: “I don’t think that I’m interpreting anything. I
think I’m following the plain language of the statute. And again, reasonable minds may
differ. As far as the timing of the . . . statutes, I would say, yes, we do presume that the
legislator is aware of contrary legislation. And I would say, generally speaking, what the
legislator seeks to do is to limit the Court’s sentencing discretion as opposed to widening
it. Every time they come up with a statute, it seems to be telling us judges, ‘We don’t
like what you’re doing. We want you to follow these rules instead.’”
The court further exposited: “I would think that with the policy behind [section]
1203.097, which was to create—to put it mildly—onerous terms of probation for
domestic violence offenders, I think the legislative intent was to make sure we didn’t give
them less than 36 months. That’s why they used the word ‘minimum’ of 36 months as
opposed to a maximum or a term of 36 months. And then lastly, I think that a maxim of
jurisprudence and tentative statutory construction is that if the Court has a specific statute
and a general statute, then the specific should override the general.” The court noted:
“The general statute under [section] 1203.3 says the Court has discretion to modify
probation. The specific statute under [section] 1203.097 says that the Court lacks
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jurisdiction—or lacks discretion to impose terms other than what is minimally required
by that section.”
The court observed that “I would not take any offense if you choose to seek some
review and get some guidance from the [Fourth District Court of Appeal] so that we can
have a case that specifically states one way or the other.”3 The court ruled: “The minute
order will show that the Court finds that it lacks jurisdiction to reduce the terms of
probation under [section] 1203.097, subdivision (a), subsection (1).” The court granted
defendant’s request to reduce the offense to a misdemeanor, struck the formal probation
terms, and modified probation to summary probation.
The court noted to defendant: “I want you to know . . . losing this motion has
nothing to do with how I think you’ve done on probation. I think you have done an
exemplary job on probation. You’ve done everything that you promised the Court that
you would do. If I did have the discretion, this is something that I would strongly
consider doing for you, but I don’t believe that I have the legal ability to do it.”
II. DISCUSSION
Defendant contends the court erred in determining that the section 1203.097,
subdivision (a)(1) mandate that probation imposed on a person for a domestic violence
offense circumscribed the court’s authority to terminate defendant’s probation thereafter
pursuant to section 1203.3. We agree.
3 The court later noted additionally, “[i]f [defense counsel] proves to me that I’m doing it wrong by getting the judges down the street to tell me I’m wrong, again, I’ll be happy to reconsider it.”
4
Generally, a trial court has the authority and discretion to modify a probation term
during the probationary period, including the power to terminate probation early.