Cohen v. City of Alameda
Before: Shaw
Synopsis
Municipal Corporations—Contest of Validity of Street Assessment—Time for Appeal from Judgment.—An appeal from a judgment in an action to declare void an assessment levied under the statute entitled, “An act to provide for the lighting of public streets, lanes, alleys, courts and places in municipalities, and for the assessment. of the costs and expenses thereof upon the property benefited thereby” (Stats. 1905, p. 564), taken within less than sixty but more than thirty days after the entry of the judgment, although in time under sections 939 and 941b of the Code of Civil Procedure, is too late under section 6 of such act, and for that reason will be dismissed.
Id.—Statute Limiting Time for Appeal—Whether Constitutional. Section 6 of such act, which provides that any appeal from a final judgment in an action or proceeding contesting the validity of an assessment must be perfected within thirty days after the entry of the judgment, is not contrary to the constitutional prohibitions against special laws regulating the practice of courts of justice, or in any ease where a general law can be made applicable. These provisions of the constitution do not require the legislature to prescribe a uniform and single limitation of actions or proceedings, applicable alike to all cases.
Id.—Practice and Procedure in Different Actions and Proceedings —Discretion of Legislature.—The legislative discretion as to the different modes of procedure or rules of practice to be prescribed for the numerous and various actions and proceedings allowed in courts of justice is very wide, and its judgment on the question whether or not a particular provision shall be made for any class of eases, and as to the classification thereof, is not to be interfered with except for very grave causes and where it is clear beyond reasonable doubt that no sound reason for the legislative classification, and for the different provisions regarding the same, exists.
Id.—Title of Act—Whether Sufficient to Embrace Provision for Appeal.—The provision for a special limitation upon appeals in suits involving the validity of assessments under such act, is a matter germane to the general subject and appropriate to carry out its object; and is embraced within the title, “An act to provide for the lighting of public streets, lanes, alleys, courts and places in municipalities, and for the assessment of the costs and expenses thereof upon the property benefited thereby.”
Id.—Appeal—Petition por Rehearing—Questions Involved.—On this petition for a rehearing of the application for an order dismissing this appeal, the question whether the limitation of section 6 of the Assessment Act in question applies to actions in equity or other proceedings wherein the assessment is alleged to be void because the act under which it was made is void, is not involved, since the attack upon the assessment involves only the regularity of proceedings leading up to the assessment, and the decision dismissing the appeal is not to be understood as applying to such question.
Opinion
The appeal is by the plaintiff from a judgment in favor of the defendant. The defendant moves to dismiss the appeal on the ground that it was not taken within the time prescribed by law.
The appeal was taken within less than sixty days, but more than thirty days, after the entry of judgment. Under sections 939 and 941b of the Code of Civil Procedure, this would be within the time prescribed. The contention of the respondent is that the case is governed by the provisions of section 6 of the act of March 6, 1905, providing for the levy of assessments upon a district to pay for lighting the streets therein. (Stats. 1905, p. 567; Deering's Gen. Stats., 645.)
The plaintiff began the action in behalf of herself, her children, and all other persons interested in the relief asked. The object of the action was to declare void an assessment, under the aforesaid act, levied upon property within an assessment district in the city of Alameda, including property of plaintiff and her children and other persons, and to enjoin a threatened sale of her own property to enforce payment of the sum assessed against it. The complaint alleges that the assessment was void because of divers defects in the proceedings, and also upon the ground that the act is unconstitutional.
Section six of the aforesaid act is as follows:
"The validity of an assessment levied under this act shall not be contested in any action or proceeding unless the same *Page 267 is commenced within thirty days after the time said assessment is levied, and any appeal from a final judgment in such an action or proceeding must be perfected within thirty days after the entry of such judgment."
It is contended by the appellant that this section is contrary to the mandate of the constitution of this state prohibiting special laws regulating the practice of courts of justice, or in any case where a general law can be made applicable (art. IV, sec. 25, subds. 3, 33). She therefore claims that an appeal may be taken in this case, as in other cases, within six months after the entry of the judgment.
It has never been considered that these provisions of the constitution required the legislature to prescribe a uniform and single limitation of actions or proceedings, applicable alike to all cases. The Code of Civil Procedure is full of special provisions applicable only to particular classes of cases. Appeals from ordinary final judgments must be taken within six months after entry; from a judgment of forcible entry and detainer in the superior court upon an appeal from an inferior court, in the cases specified in section 964 of the Code of Civil Procedure, within ninety days after entry; from orders in ordinary actions or probate proceedings, within sixty days after entry. (Code Civ. Proc., secs. 939, 1715.) Appeals from judgments or orders, under section 941b, must be taken within sixty days after service of notice of entry thereof. So also, in the matter of limitation of actions, many different periods are prescribed for the different kinds of actions. As to some of these it might be difficult to discover substantial reasons for the different periods fixed. It has not been supposed that these varying provisions were special laws, such as are forbidden by the above provisions of the constitution. In general, it may be said that the legislative discretion as to the different modes of procedure or rules of practice to be prescribed for the numerous and various actions and proceedings allowed in courts of justice is very wide, and that its judgment on the question whether or not a particular provision shall be made for any class of cases, and as to the classification thereof, is not to be interfered with except for very grave causes and where it is clear beyond reasonable doubt that no sound reason for the legislative classification, and for the different provisions regarding the same, exists. (People v. Mullender, 132 Cal. 221, [64 P. 299];Wheeler v. Herbert, *Page 268 152 Cal. 232, [92 P. 353]; Title etc. Co. v. Kerrigan, 150 Cal. 322, [119 Am. St. Rep. 199, 8 L.R.A. (N.S.) 682, 88 P. 356];Gridley v. Fellows, 166 Cal. 765, [138 P. 355].)
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