Union Trust & Savings Bank v. Ishkanian

NOURSE, J.

The executor of the estate of Rebecca Pentz commenced this action to quiet title to certain real property situate in the county of Los Angeles. The controversy over the title arose from the fact that about two years prior to her death the deceased executed and delivered a deed purporting to convey the property to H. P. Paris, “as treasurer of the Prohibition National Committee, or his successor.” The defendant purchased the property for a valuable consideration from Paris. On the trial it was shown that the deceased executed the deed for the express purpose of aiding the Prohibition National Committee in its work of destroying the liquor traffic, reserving to herself merely a life interest in the property sought to be conveyed.' This intention she announced to the attorney who prepared the deed and to one other who was interested in the same movement and who testified at the trial. The defendant was informed of all of these facts prior to the execution of the deed to him by Paris. Judgment was had in favor of the plaintiff as executor of the estate, and from the judgment defendant prosecutes this appeal.

Several points are listed by appellant in his brief as grounds for reversal, but there are only two questions which require consideration. First, whether the deed is void because it indicates the intention to create a trust in real property without complying with the requirements of the laws of this state in that respect; and, second, whether parol evidence tending to explain the intentions of the parties and to clear the ambiguities appearing on the face of the deed was admissible.

[1]

The deed attempts to convey the property to H. P. Paris, as treasurer of the Prohibition National Committee, or his successor, without designating any purpose to which the property should be put. The fact that- the grant is in

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the alternative to the successor of H. P. Paris, as treasurer of the Prohibition National Committee, clearly indicates the intention of the grantor to create a trust in favor of the Prohibition National Committee. If such was the intention of the grantor, there can be no doubt that the deed does not conform with the requirements of the code relating to the creation of trusts in real property. Section 857 of the Civil Code specifies five different purposes for which express trusts may be created. It is not necessary to enumerate these, but it is sufficient to say that this deed does not meet any of them. Section 852 of the same code provides that a trust in relation to real property must be in writing unless created or declared by operation of law. Section 2221 of the same code provides that “a voluntary trust is created, as to the trustor and beneficiary, by any words or acts of the trustor, indicating with reasonable certainty: 1. An intention on the part of the trustor to create.a trust; and, 2. The subject, purpose, and beneficiary of the trust.” Section 2253 of the same code provides that “the nature, extent, and object of a trust are expressed in the declaration of trust.” In Pomeroy’s Equity Jurisprudence (fourth edition), section 1009, it is said: “The declaration of trust, whether written or oral, must be reasonably certain in its material terms,- and this requisite of certainty includes the subject matter or property embraced within the trust, the beneficiaries or persons in whose behalf it is created, the nature and quantity of interests which they are to have, and the manner in which the trust is to be performed. If the language is so vague, general, or equivocal that any of these necessary elements of the trust is left in real uncertainty, then the trust must fail.” This principle is supported in