California Court of Appeal Jun 15, 2016 No. E063325Unpublished
Filed 6/15/16 Schmart v. Brophy CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
WILLIAM J. SCHMART,
Plaintiff and Appellant, E063325
v. (Super.Ct.No. CIVDS1304200)
KEVIN BROPHY, et al., OPINION
Defendants and Respondents.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. John M. Pacheco,
Judge. Affirmed.
William J. Schmart, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Law Offices of Vivian L. Schwartz and Michael A. Portigal for Defendants and
Respondents.
Plaintiff William J. Schmart appeals from an order granting a motion to vacate
default and default judgment, to stay a writ of execution, and to quash service of
summons (the motion to vacate) by defendants and respondents, Kevin Brophy and
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Kathy Brophy. Plaintiff asserts defendants were in fact properly served, their defaults
were properly taken, and their motion to vacate set forth no basis for setting aside the
defaults. In addition, plaintiff argues the trial court erroneously denied a motion for
reconsideration of its order on the motion to vacate defaults even though he explained he
could not be present in court on the day the trial court granted the motion to vacate
because he was sick and had to go to the hospital. For the reasons we set forth, we affirm
the orders plaintiff challenges on appeal.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On April 25, 2013, plaintiff filed a complaint for conversion, trespass, and related
causes of action. He alleged he had rented an apartment from defendants and accused
them of taking over $300,000 in personal property from him.
On December 31, 2013, plaintiff filed two proofs of service, each executed by one
Ariel Beasley, who is not a registered process server. Beasley alleged that he had
unsuccessfully tried to serve Kevin Brophy twice at a location on Date Street in San
Bernardino before locating his wife and codefendant, Kathy Brophy, at a location on
Genevieve Street in San Bernardino. The proofs of service attest that Beasley personally
served Kathy Brophy at the address on Genevieve Street on December 2, 2013, and that
he simultaneously effected substitute service on Kevin Brophy by giving copies of the
complaint and related documents to Kathy Brophy and later mailing them to Kevin
Brophy.
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The trial court entered both defendants’ defaults on February 13, 2014. On June 5,
2014, plaintiff requested a default prove-up hearing. On June 27, 2014, after hearing
testimony from plaintiff, the trial court entered a default judgment against defendants in
the amount of $344,563.38. A writ of execution issued on August 22, 2014.
On September 18, 2014, defendants filed their motion to vacate. Each defendant
concurrently submitted a declaration containing the following statement: “Though I am a
defendant in [this] action I have never been served any of the documents in this case.”
Each defendant also explained that the Genevieve Street address at which service
allegedly occurred was occupied by “regular tenants,” such that neither of the defendants,
who worked as property managers, could be expected to have been located there. In
addition, each defendant asserted that he or she only became aware of this lawsuit after
asking a collections agent for help in collecting a judgment plaintiff owed from another
case, and each defendant attested that, had he or she known of plaintiff’s action, he or she
would have timely responded.
Plaintiff filed an opposition and a declaration in which he accused defendants of
lying about not being served and asserted that he saw service occur as alleged in the
proofs of service. Beasley submitted a declaration in which he averred that service
occurred as stated in the proofs of service.
The hearing on the motion to vacate occurred on October 31, 2014. Plaintiff was
not present. On that date, the trial court vacated the default judgment, rescinded the
abstract of judgment, set aside the defendants’ defaults, and quashed service as to them.
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On November 14, 2014, plaintiff filed a motion for reconsideration of the court’s
October 31, 2014 order under Code of Civil Procedure1 section 1008, subdivision (a). In
a declaration, plaintiff alleged he missed the October 31, 2014 hearing because he was
sick and had to go to the hospital. Plaintiff otherwise repeated arguments from his
opposition to the motion to vacate, and he again accused defendants of lying about not
being served. Plaintiff also filed a new declaration from Beasley that was identical to his
earlier declaration except for the date of execution.
Defendants’ written opposition to plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration argued
plaintiff had not presented “new” facts or law within the meaning of section 1008,
subdivision (a). They also noted the motion largely repeated arguments plaintiff had
made when opposing the motion to vacate.
On December 31, 2014, the trial court took the motion for reconsideration under
submission. Later the same day, it denied the motion in a minute order noting that
plaintiff had submitted no proof of his alleged illness on October 31, 2014, and agreeing
with the opposition that plaintiff’s motion was based on evidence the court had already
considered in conjunction with the opposition to the motion to vacate.
1Unless otherwise specified, all statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
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ANALYSIS
Plaintiff now appeals the granting of defendants’ motion to vacate and also argues
the denial of his motion for reconsideration was erroneous.2 In support of the latter
contention, plaintiff filed a motion to augment the record in this court with medical
records purportedly proving that he was in the hospital on the day of the hearing on the
motion to vacate. We deemed the motion to augment a request for judicial notice and
reserved ruling thereon for consideration with the appeal. As we explain, we deny the
request for judicial notice and affirm the trial court’s orders.
1. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting the motion to vacate
“ ‘[C]ompliance with the statutory procedures for service of process is essential to
establish personal jurisdiction. [Citation.] Thus, a default judgment entered against a
defendant who was not served with a summons in the manner prescribed by statute is
void. [Citation.]’ (Dill v. Berquist Construction Co. (1994) 24 Cal.App.4th 1426, 1444.)
Under section 473, subdivision (d), the court may set aside a default judgment which is
valid on its face, but void, as a matter of law, due to improper service.” (Ellard v.
Conway (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 540, 544.) When the issue on appeal is whether service
was invalid, such as to render a default judgment void under section 473, subdivision (d),
we review the trial court’s order de novo. (Hearn v. Howard (2009) 177 Cal.App.4th
1193, 1200.)
2 The denial of a motion for reconsideration is not separately appealable. (§ 1008, subd. (g).) Nonetheless, we review the denial of plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration as part of the appeal from the order granting the motion to vacate. (Ibid.)
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Nevertheless, “we defer to the trier of fact on issues of credibility.” (Lenk v.
Total-Western, Inc. (2001) 89 Cal.App.4th 959, 968.) “Moreover, neither conflicts in the
evidence nor ‘ “testimony which is subject to justifiable suspicion . . . justif[ies] the
reversal of a judgment, for it is the exclusive province of the [trier of fact] to determine
the credibility of a witness and the truth or falsity of the facts upon which a determination
depends.” ’ [Citation.] Testimony may be rejected only when it is inherently improbable
or incredible, i.e., ‘ “unbelievable per se,” ’ physically impossible or ‘ “wholly
unacceptable to reasonable minds.” ’ ” (Oldham v. Kizer (1991) 235 Cal.App.3d 1046,
1065.) In addition, “on appeal we presume the trial court’s order is correct, indulge all
presumptions in favor of that correctness, and resolve all ambiguities in favor of
affirmance.” (Ellis v. Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. (2013) 218
Cal.App.4th 853, 889.)
In this case, plaintiff argues the declarations he and Beasley submitted in
opposition to the motion to vacate conclusively proved that service on defendants
properly occurred. We disagree. Each defendant presented evidence that service never
occurred as plaintiff and Beasley alleged. Moreover, each defendant gave reasons for
finding plaintiff’s and Beasley’s credibility lacking by explaining that the address where
service purportedly occurred belongs to tenants in buildings defendants manage, such that
they could not be expected to be found in that location. There is nothing “inherently
improbable or incredible” about defendants’ testimony. (Oldham v. Kizer, supra, 235
Cal.App.3d at p. 1065.) Since the record contains evidence supporting the conclusion
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that service of the summons and complaint on defendants never actually occurred, the
trial court had a basis for vacating the defaults and the default judgment as void within
the meaning of section 473, subdivision (d). We may not reweigh credibility on appeal.
Plaintiff’s argument that defendants’ motion was filed after the six-month window
allotted by section 473, subdivision (b), is irrelevant, given that subdivision (d) of section
473 contains no time limits in which a party must move to vacate a judgment or order
that is void. His contention that defendants failed to demonstrate “mistake, inadvertence,
surprise, or excusable neglect” within the meaning of subdivision (b) of section 473 is
similarly misplaced.
Plaintiff also asserts on appeal that defendants found out about the judgment
against them far sooner than they admitted in the declarations supporting the motion to
vacate. More specifically, he states he called Kathy Brophy on July 30, 2014, to ask her
if she was going to pay any portion of the judgment, and she “told [him] in a drunken
and/or stoned voice ‘sue us?’ ” before dropping the phone. Plaintiff cites, and we have
found, no portion of the record that supports this allegation. We therefore disregard it.
(Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(C); Jumaane v. City of Los Angeles (2015) 241
Cal.App.4th 1390, 1406.) Even had plaintiff supported his assertion that defendants had
notice of the default judgment months before they filed the motion to vacate, “[m]ere
knowledge of the action is not a substitute for service, nor does it raise any estoppel to
contest the validity of service.” (In re Abrams (1980) 108 Cal.App.3d 685, 693.) For the
reasons stated in the preceding paragraph, the record supports the trial court’s implied
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conclusion that no service occurred, which in turn supports the granting of the motion to
vacate on the ground that the defaults and the default judgment were void for lack of
proper service. (§ 473, subd. (d).)
2. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to vacate
Section 1008 allows a party to seek reconsideration of an earlier trial court order,
but only if the request is “based upon new or different facts, circumstances, or law.”
(§ 1008, subd. (a).) “Case law after the 1992 amendments to section 1008 has relaxed the
definition of ‘new or different facts,’ but it is still necessary that the party seeking that
relief offer some fact or circumstance not previously considered by the court.” (New
York Times Co. v. Superior Court (2005) 135 Cal.App.4th 206, 213.) In addition, any
new facts alleged in support of a section 1008 motion for reconsideration must be more
than merely collateral to the merits of the motion on which reconsideration is sought.
(Gilberd v. AC Transit (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 1494, 1500 (Gilberd).) We review an
order on a motion for reconsideration for abuse of discretion. (See, e.g., New York Times
v. Superior Court, at p. 212.)
Here, plaintiff sought reconsideration on the theory that the trial court granted the
motion to vacate because he could not be present at the hearing due to illness. Plaintiff
did not, however, offer any documentary proof of his alleged maladies in the trial court,
instead asking us to examine the medical records of which he requests judicial notice.
We decline the invitation, since plaintiff’s medical records “were not presented to the
trial court.” (In re Marriage of Eustice (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 1291, 1300, fn. 3.)
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Even had plaintiff presented proof that he was too ill to attend the hearing on the
motion to vacate, this fact does not support reconsideration of the court’s earlier order. In
Gilberd, a party sought reconsideration on the theory that its counsel’s failure to request
oral argument on the motion that led to the order subject to the reconsideration motion
constituted a “new fact” within the meaning of section 1008, subdivision (a). (Gilberd,
supra, 32 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1498-1499.) The court held: “While not denigrating the
assistance that oral argument can provide to a court, the fact that respondent intended to
request that the court entertain oral argument with respect to the initial motions is clearly
collateral to the merits of the motions. Again, respondent did not present any facts or
authorities relating to the merits of the underlying motion that were not considered by the
trial court when it issued its initial orders.” (Id. at p. 1500, fn. omitted.) The same logic
applies here, as plaintiff’s nonappearance at the hearing on the motion to vacate was
collateral to the merits of the parties’ evidence and the arguments in their briefs.
Furthermore, the minute order denying the motion for reconsideration explicitly noted
that it had considered plaintiff’s opposition to the motion to vacate and that the motion
for reconsideration offered nothing new other than plaintiff’s unsubstantiated claim of
illness. The trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for
reconsideration.
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DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
Respondents are awarded their costs on appeal.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
CODRINGTON J.
We concur:
RAMIREZ P. J.
HOLLENHORST J.
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AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The trial court properly vacated the default judgment and defaults because the evidence supported the conclusion that the defendants were never served with the summons and complaint, rendering the judgment void. The court also did not abuse its discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion for reconsideration, as the plaintiff failed to present new facts or law relevant to the merits of the underlying motion.
Issues
Whether the trial court erred in granting the defendants' motion to vacate the default judgment and defaults due to lack of service.
Whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion for reconsideration of the order vacating the default judgment.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for reconsideration.”