California Court of Appeal May 17, 2016 No. D068001Unpublished
Filed 5/17/16 Hashemi v. Farahie CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
ALI HASHEMI, D068001
Plaintiff and Appellant,
v. (Super. Ct. No. 37-2014-00004183- CU-MC-CTL) HANS FARAHIE,
Defendant and Respondent.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Eddie C
Sturgeon, Judge. Affirmed.
Ali Hashemi, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.
No appearance for Defendant and Respondent.
Plaintiff and appellant Ali Hashemi, a self-represented litigant, appeals from a
judgment following a bench trial in which the trial court found he did not timely file his
lawsuit and failed to meet his burden of proof. Defendant Hans Farahie has not filed a
respondent's brief. We do not treat his failure to do so as a default or an admission that
the trial court erred but instead consider the record and arguments raised by Hashemi to
determine whether reversal is required. (Noya v. A.W. Coulter Trucking (2006) 143
Cal.App.4th 838, 844; see also Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.220(a)(2).) We conclude
Hashemi's appeal lacks an affirmative showing of any error by the superior court, and the
deficiencies in his brief warrant forfeiture of his claims. We affirm the judgment.
The bench trial in this matter was not reported, and consequently, there is no
reporter's transcript of the hearing. Nor is there a suitable substitute such as an agreed or
settled statement. (Cal. Rules of Court, rules 8.134, 8.137.) The sole trial document in
the record is the court's April 24, 2015 minute order reflecting its findings after trial and
the entry of judgment in Farahie's favor. From this limited record, as well as Hashemi's
appellate assertions, we gather that Hashemi's civil complaint involved a claim of
damages in which Hashemi contends he paid Farahie to keep his belongings in a storage
unit, but Farahie "stole all [his] things and would not return them." After a bench trial,
the superior court found Hashemi did not timely file his lawsuit and did not meet his
burden of proof.
DISCUSSION
On appeal, Hashemi purports to argue his case anew, making bare assertions about
Farahie's actions and the damage Hashemi purportedly suffered. Hashemi claims he did
not timely file his lawsuit because Farahie led him to believe that his belongings were
still in the storage unit when Farahie had in fact stolen them.
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I. Principles of Appellate Review
As a general rule, "[a] judgment or order of the lower court is presumed correct
[with] [a]ll intendments and presumptions . . . indulged to support it on matters as to
which the record is silent." (Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 564.)1 As
the appellant, Hashemi "must be able to affirmatively demonstrate error on the record
before the court. . . . ' " 'This is not only a general principle of appellate practice but an
ingredient of the constitutional doctrine of reversible error.' " ' " (In re Marriage of
Falcone (2008) 164 Cal.App.4th 814, 822.) An appellate court is not required to
independently search the record for errors (Guthrey v. State of California (1998) 63
Cal.App.4th 1108, 1115) or "consider alleged errors where the appellant merely
complains of them without pertinent argument." (Strutt v. Ontario Savings & Loan
Association (1972) 28 Cal.App.3d 866, 873.) Additionally, rule 8.204(a)(1) of the
California Rules of Court requires the appellant to "support each point by argument and,
if possible, by citation of authority" and "[s]upport any reference to a matter in the record
by a citation to the volume and page number of the record where the matter appears." "It
is not our place to construct theories or arguments to undermine the judgment and defeat
the presumption of correctness. When an appellant fails to raise a point, or asserts it but
1 This rule has particular force here, where Hashemi elected to proceed on the clerk's transcript, making this a "judgment roll" appeal. (Allen v. Toten (1985) 172 Cal.App.3d 1079, 1082; Ehrler v. Ehrler (1981) 126 Cal.App.3d 147, 154.) "On such an appeal, '[t]he question of the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings is not open.' " (Allen, at p. 1082.) Rather, our review is limited to determining whether any error "appears on the face of the record." (Ibid.; see also Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.163.) 3
fails to support it with reasoned argument and citations to authority, we treat the point as
waived." (Benach v. County of Los Angeles (2007) 149 Cal.App.4th 836, 852.)
An appellant must tailor arguments to the applicable standard of appellate review.
(People v. Foss (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 113, 126; Sebago, Inc. v. City of Alameda (1989)
211 Cal.App.3d 1372, 1388.) If the appellant fails to do so, the argument "lacks legal
force." (Foss, at p. 126.)
Finally, "error alone does not warrant reversal. 'It is a fundamental principle of
appellate jurisprudence in this state that a judgment will not be reversed unless it can be
shown that a trial court error in the case affected the result.' [Citation.] ' "The burden is
on the appellant, not alone to show error, but to show injury from the error." ' [Citation.]
'Injury is not presumed from error, but injury must appear affirmatively upon the court's
examination of the entire record.' [Citation.] 'Only when an error has resulted in a
miscarriage of justice will it be deemed to be prejudicial so as to require reversal.'
[Citation.] A miscarriage of justice is not found 'unless it appears reasonably probable
that, absent the error, the appellant would have obtained a more favorable result.' " (In re
Marriage of Falcone, supra, 164 Cal.App.4th at pp. 822-823.)
The court holds a self-represented litigant to the same restrictive procedural rules
as an attorney. (Nwosu v. Uba (2004) 122 Cal.App.4th 1229, 1247.) Hashemi's decision
to represent himself "is not a ground for exceptionally lenient treatment." (Rappleyea v.
Campbell (1994) 8 Cal.4th 975, 984; Nwosu, at pp. 1246-1247.)
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II. Analysis
Hashemi's opening brief fails to meet the above-referenced standards for appellate
review. He does not mention the proper standard of review, which can, "in and of itself,
be considered a concession of lack of merit," (James B. v. Superior Court (1995) 35
Cal.App.4th 1014, 1021) and he does not provide an adequate record to evaluate his
contentions. (Ballard v. Uribe (1986) 41 Cal.3d 564, 574.) Hashemi merely gives an
unsupported excuse for why his lawsuit was untimely and rehashes his underlying
accusations against Farahie, but supplies no guiding principles or cogent legal analysis
for this court to review his claim or assess the trial court's order. Moreover, Hashemi's
entire brief lacks a single citation to authority. "If no citation 'is furnished on a particular
point, the court may treat it as waived.' " (Guthrey v. State of California, supra, 63
Cal.App.4th at p. 1115.) We may deem his contentions waived for this reason alone.
When an appeal is on the judgment roll, we must "conclusively presume that the
evidence is ample to sustain the findings." (Ehrler v. Ehrler, supra, 126 Cal.App.3d at
p. 154.) Hashemi's bare assertions fail to affirmatively demonstrate any error to
overcome the presumption of correctness afforded to the superior court's judgment.
(Denham v. Superior Court, supra, 2 Cal.3d at p. 564.)
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DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
O'ROURKE, J.
WE CONCUR:
McCONNELL, P. J.
McINTYRE, J.
6
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court affirmed the judgment because the appellant failed to provide an adequate record for review, failed to support his claims with legal authority or reasoned argument, and failed to affirmatively demonstrate error.
Issues
Whether the appellant met his burden to affirmatively demonstrate error on the record.
Whether the appellant's failure to provide a reporter's transcript or adequate legal argument warrants forfeiture of his claims.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“We conclude Hashemi's appeal lacks an affirmative showing of any error by the superior court, and the deficiencies in his brief warrant forfeiture of his claims.”
“When an appeal is on the judgment roll, we must "conclusively presume that the evidence is ample to sustain the findings."”