California Court of Appeal Feb 24, 2015 No. E061870Unpublished
Filed 2/24/15 In re M.V. CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
In re M.V., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law.
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, E061870
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super.Ct.No. J253645)
v. OPINION
J.V.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Christopher
B. Marshall and Cheryl C. Kersey, Judges. Affirmed.
Jasmine Turner-Bond, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
Jean-Rene Basle, County Counsel, and Dawn M. Messer, Deputy County Counsel,
for Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
Appellant J.V. (father) appeals from the juvenile court’s summary denial of his
Welfare and Institutions Code1 section 388 petition regarding his daughter, M.V. (the
child). We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On March 28, 2014, the San Bernardino County Children and Family Services
(CFS) filed an amended section 300 petition on behalf of the child, who was
approximately two weeks old at the time. The petition alleged that she came within
section 300, subdivisions (a) (serious physical harm), (g) (no provision for support), and
(j) (abuse of sibling). The petition included the allegations that the child’s mother
(mother)2 caused multiple broken bones to the child’s half-sibling, A.G., that the child
was at substantial risk of abuse, and mother was currently incarcerated on felony child
abuse and theft charges, thereby making her unable to provide care for the child. The
petition further alleged that, on December 10, 2013, A.G. was found by the court to have
been physically abused by mother. The court also found that father, who was mother’s
boyfriend, violently grabbed A.G.’s lower left arm and caused an acute right mid-radial
fracture and right mid-ulnar fracture.
1 All further statutory references will be to the Welfare and Institutions Code, unless otherwise noted.
2 Mother is not a party to this appeal.
2
Detention
The social worker filed a detention report and stated that mother currently had an
open CFS case regarding A.G., and that she gave birth to the child in March 2014.
On March 5, 2014, the social worker and a public health nurse went to the hospital,
which was being guarded by a police officer due to mother’s incarceration. Mother
stated that she had no plans to care for the child and that she wanted her placed with
father’s mother. Mother said she was aware that father was additionally responsible for
physically abusing and neglecting A.G. Father was present, and he claimed paternity of
the child and confirmed that he signed the birth certificate. He also requested that the
child be placed with his mother. Due to mother’s and father’s significant physical abuse
and neglect history regarding A.G., the social worker took the child into protective
custody. The child was placed in a foster home on March 6, 2014.
The social worker further reported that, on December 11, 2013, A.G. was found by
the court to have been physically abused by mother, and there was now a no contact order
with regard to mother in place.3 A.G. sustained 14 fractures in all four extremities. The
court found that father violently grabbed A.G.’s arm, causing two fractures.
At a detention hearing on March 10, 2014, the court found a prima facie case to
detain the child.
3 We note that the amended section 300 petition alleged that the court made its findings on the date of December 10, 2013, while the detention report alleged the date of December 11, 2014. We assume the date in the detention report was in error, since the report itself was dated March 10, 2014.
3
Jurisdiction/disposition
The social worker filed a jurisdiction/disposition report on March 27, 2014,
recommending that the court declare the child a dependent and deny both parents
reunification services. Specifically, the social worker recommended that no services be
provided to father pursuant to section 361.5, subdivision (b)(6).4 The social worker
reported that father admitted to the police that he could have caused the break to A.G.’s
right arm. Father explained that he was frustrated with mother due to an argument. A.G.
was in the playpen and started to cry. Mother yelled at father to get A.G., and father
walked over to the playpen and used one hand to grab her. He said he felt something
move inside her forearm when he grabbed her. Father admitted to grabbing and pulling
A.G.’s arm with enough force to cause her injury. He and mother admitted knowing that
A.G. was injured and in pain, but they did not attempt to seek medical help until her right
arm was so swollen and incapacitated that it split open and was bleeding. Mother and
father were arrested on October 31, 2013. Mother was escorted to the Central Detention
Center, and father (who was a minor at the time) was issued a citation and released to his
mother. On March 12, 2014, mother pled guilty to child abuse charges. Father’s
criminal charges were pending.
4 Section 361.5, subdivision (b)(6), provides that reunification services need not be provided to a parent when the court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, that “the child has been adjudicated a dependent pursuant to any subdivision of Section 300 as a result of severe sexual abuse or the infliction of severe physical harm to the child, a sibling, or a half sibling by a parent or guardian, as defined in this subdivision, and the court makes a factual finding that it would not benefit the child to pursue reunification services with the offending parent or guardian.”
4
The social worker interviewed father and mother and reported that neither of them
demonstrated “a remote level of concern for [A.G.’s] welfare.” The social worker
observed that, “[d]espite the knowledge of the severe damage cause to [A.G.’s] medical,
physical, and emotional health[,] neither parent showed empathy or remorse as they
discussed the incidents . . . . Both parents appear[ed] more committed to each other than
they [did] to accepting responsibility for their involvement in the injuries to [A.G.]” The
social worker further opined that neither parent appeared mentally or emotionally capable
of providing adequate care, protection or safety to the child, since they had not “sought
any services to remediate their behaviors.” Thus, the social worker stated that it would
not be in the child’s best interest to return her to their care.
A contested jurisdiction/disposition hearing was held on April 9, 2014. The court
sustained the petition and declared the child a dependent of the court. The court found
father to be the presumed father of the child. It then denied reunification services to both
mother and father, pursuant to section 361.5, subdivision (b)(6), and further denied
services to mother pursuant to section 361.5, subdivision (b)(7). The court also denied
visitation, due to the severity of the injuries to the child’s half-sibling. The court found it
in the best interest of the child to consider termination of parental rights, and it set a
section 366.26 hearing for August 7, 2014.
On June 14, 2014, CFS requested that the child be transitioned from foster care to
the concurrent planning home of Mrs. C., who was the paternal grandmother of A.G.
5
A.G. was living with Mrs. C., and Mrs. C. was willing and able to adopt the child because
she felt strongly that the siblings should be kept together.
Section 366.26 and Section 388
The social worker filed a section 366.26 report on July 29, 2014. The social
worker recommended that the permanent plan for the child be adoption, but that the
section 366.26 hearing be continued for 120 days, in order to allow the adoption worker
to complete the necessary adoption assessment and procedures. The social worker
reported that the child was transitioned to the concurrent adoptive home of Mrs. C. on
July 11, 2014. The court continued the matter to September 10, 2014.
On September 5, 2014, father filed a section 388 petition requesting the court to
grant him visitation and six months of reunification services. Rather than specifying the
changed circumstances and best interest of the child on the section 388 form, father filed
an attachment with his petition. In the attachment, he stated that, at the time of A.G.’s
injuries, he was 17 years old. He alleged that, although he did not receive services, he
immediately enrolled in various programs, and he completed a parenting program. He
alleged that he had also seen a psychiatrist5 and included a letter, in which the therapist
stated that father had attended 12 sessions. The therapist said that father was assessed for
mental health problems, but did not have any. He described father as polite and “at times
somewhat childlike.” The therapist opined that the injuries to A.G. may have been
5 Although father alleges that he saw a psychiatrist, the letter attached to his section 388 petition reflects that the person he saw was a licensed clinical social worker.
6
caused accidentally, with no intent on father’s part. The therapist stated that the goals of
their sessions were for father to accept responsibility for the incident, reduce the chance
of harming a child when he is angry, and help father cope with bereavement. He opined
that father achieved all goals. Father additionally alleged that, immediately following the
injuries to the child, he got a job working 40-50 hours per week. Since then, however, he
switched to part-time employment, and he registered for high school to complete the 12th
grade. Father concluded that he initiated and completed services “to demonstrate his
acceptance of what occurred.” He alleged that he has demonstrated his maturity by
working, reenrolling in school, and utilizing community resources to deal with his
problems. Father stated his belief that he should be given the opportunity to reunify with
his daughter.
On September 5, 2014, the court summarily denied father’s petition because his
request did not state new evidence or a change of circumstances, and the proposed
change of order did not promote the best interest of the child.
On September 8, 2014, the social worker filed an addendum report and
recommended that parental rights be terminated and the permanent plan of adoption be
implemented. The prospective adoptive parents, Ms. C. and her partner Mr. G., were
very eager to move forward with the adoption. They loved the child as their own and
said they would be devastated if she had to leave. The social worker visited the family’s
home and opined that the child was thriving in the family’s care, and that they were able
7
to meet her needs on a permanent basis. The child would be able to grow up with her
half-sibling, who also resided in the home.
On September 10, 2014, the court held a contested section 366.26 hearing. The
court noted that it had read and considered all the reports submitted. The court found it
likely that the child would be adopted, and it terminated parental rights.
ANALYSIS
The Court Properly Denied Father’s Section 388 Petition
Father argues that the court erred in summarily denying his section 388 petition.
He claims that he should have been granted an evidentiary hearing since he made the
requisite prima facie showing of changed circumstances. We conclude that the court
properly denied his section 388 petition.
A. The Court Did Not Abuse its Discretion
“A juvenile court order may be changed, modified or set aside under section 388 if
the petitioner establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) new evidence or
changed circumstances exist and (2) the proposed change would promote the best
interests of the child. [Citation.] A parent need only make a prima facie showing of
these elements to trigger the right to a hearing on a section 388 petition and the petition
should be liberally construed in favor of granting a hearing to consider the parent’s
request. [Citation.] [¶] However, if the liberally construed allegations of the petition do
not make a prima facie showing of changed circumstances and that the proposed change
would promote the best interests of the child, the court need not order a hearing on the
8
petition. [Citations.]” (In re Zachary G. (1999) 77 Cal.App.4th 799, 806 (Zachary G.).)
“In determining whether the petition makes the necessary showing, the court may
consider the entire factual and procedural history of the case. [Citation.]” (In re Justice
P. (2004) 123 Cal.App.4th 181, 189.) We note that “[a]fter the termination of
reunification services, the parents’ interest in the care, custody and companionship of the
child are no longer paramount. Rather, at this point ‘the focus shifts to the needs of the
child for permanency and stability’ [citation], and in fact, there is a rebuttable
presumption that continued foster care is in the best interest of the child. [Citation.] A
court hearing a motion for change of placement at this stage of the proceedings must
recognize this shift of focus in determining the ultimate question before it, that is, the best
interest of the child.” (In re Stephanie M. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 295, 317 (Stephanie M.).)
Father’s section 388 petition sought the provision of reunification services and
visitation. The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in denying the petition, as father
was unable to demonstrate that a changed order was in the best interest of the child. “[A]
primary consideration in determining the child’s best interest is the goal of assuring
stability and continuity.” (Stephanie M., supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 317.) For best interest of
the child, father’s petition did not actually allege anything. His petition only alleged his
changed circumstances, including that he completed a parenting program on his own, saw
a psychiatrist, got a job, and reenrolled in high school. He alleged that he had always
accepted responsibility for his actions and that his conduct “appeared to be a reaction to
[his] relationship with the mother and not directed at [the child’s] sister.” Father
9
reiterates his position on appeal by stating that the child came into the system because of
her half-sister’s injuries, that he “took responsibility for the environment that precipitated
[her injuries],” that he admitted he was frustrated with mother when he injured A.G., and
that he allegedly expressed “extreme remorse for his behavior.” In his reply brief, father
states that he is not asking for custody now, but he is just asking for “a chance for him to
be a father to his daughter through court ordered reunification services.” He then simply
concludes that “[t]his result is in [the child’s] best interest.” While we acknowledge that
father’s circumstances had changed, he clearly failed to allege how it would be in the
child’s best interest to give him services, with the eventual goal of reunification. Father
claims he only had to make a prima facie showing of changed circumstances to trigger
the right to a full hearing. However, father is not correct. He was required to make a
prima facie showing that changed circumstances existed and “that the proposed change
would promote the best interests of the child.” (Zachary G., supra, 77 Cal.App.4th at
p. 806.) He failed to do so.
Furthermore, we note that the juvenile court properly recognized the shift of focus
from the parent’s interest in the care and custody of the child to the child’s need for
permanency and stability. (Stephanie M., supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 317.) The child had lived
in a stable home environment with her current caregivers since July 11, 2014. Although
the child had only lived with them for approximately two months by the time of the
section 388 petition, she had been visiting their home since May 11, 2014, because A.G.
lived there. The caregivers were very attached to the child and loved her as their own.
10
The family was meeting all of her needs, and she was thriving in their care. The
caregivers felt strongly that the child and her half-sister should be kept together, so they
were eager to adopt the child.
We conclude the court properly determined that father had not carried his burden
of proof and denied his section 388 petition. We note father’s additional contention that
because the trial court erred in summarily denying his section 388 petition, the judgment
terminating his parental rights should be reversed as well. In light of our determination
ante, we need not address this contention.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
HOLLENHORST J.
We concur:
RAMIREZ P. J.
McKINSTER J.
11
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court held that the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in summarily denying the father's section 388 petition because he failed to make a prima facie showing that the proposed change would promote the child's best interests.
Issues
Did the juvenile court err in summarily denying the father's section 388 petition without an evidentiary hearing?
Did the father make a prima facie showing that changed circumstances existed and that the proposed change would promote the child's best interests?
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in denying the petition, as father was unable to demonstrate that a changed order was in the best interest of the child.”
“While we acknowledge that father’s circumstances had changed, he clearly failed to allege how it would be in the child’s best interest to give him services, with the eventual goal of reunification.”