California Court of Appeal Dec 11, 2014 No. E058637Unpublished
Filed 12/11/14 Whiting v. Himelman CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
TIMOTHY LEWIS WHITING,
Plaintiff and Appellant, E058637
v. (Super.Ct.No. INC10008352)
RONALD B. HIMELMAN, OPINION
Defendant and Respondent.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Jeffrey L. Gunther,
Judge. (Retired Judge of the Sacramento Sup. Ct. assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant
to art. VI, § 6 of the Cal. Const.) Affirmed.
Timothy Lewis Whiting, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Lotz, Doggett & Rawers, Jeffrey S. Doggett and Iris G. Glezer for Defendant and
Respondent.
I
INTRODUCTION
This medical malpractice action arises from plaintiff Timothy Lewis Whiting 1
suffering from chest pains, which led to Dr. Ronald Himelman performing coronary
angiogram surgery on Whiting. Whiting appeals from judgment entered after the trial
court granted Dr. Himelman’s motion for summary judgment on the ground Whiting
Whiting’s separate statement of undisputed material facts in opposition to Dr.
Himelman’s motion for summary judgment states that “Defendant’s facts based on
medical records 1 through 25” are “Disputed. Tampering. Plaintiff incorporates by
reference their comments upon the Defendants Undisputed Material Facts and Supporting
Evidence 1 through 25. [¶] Defendant’s EXHIBIT “A” Medical Records.” Whiting’s
2 Undesignated rule references are to the California Rules of Court.
7
separate statement of undisputed material facts further states that “Defendant’s references
to plaintiff’s fourth amended complaint 26 through 38” are “Disputed. Plaintiff
incorporates by reference their comments upon the Defendants Undisputed Material Facts
and Supporting Evidence 26 through 38. [¶] See Plaintiff’s Declaration.”
Whiting’s opposing separate statement of undisputed material facts is inadequate
and fails to comply with the requisites for successfully opposing summary judgment set
forth in section 437c and rule 3.1350. As explained in rule 3.1350(f), “Each material fact
claimed by the moving party to be undisputed must be set out verbatim on the left side of
the page, below which must be set out the evidence said by the moving party to establish
that fact, complete with the moving party’s references to exhibits. On the right side of
the page, directly opposite the recitation of the moving party’s statement of material facts
and supporting evidence, the response must unequivocally state whether that fact is
‘disputed’ or ‘undisputed.’ An opposing party who contends that a fact is disputed must
state, on the right side of the page directly opposite the fact in dispute, the nature of the
dispute and describe the evidence that supports the position that the fact is controverted.
That evidence must be supported by citation to exhibit, title, page, and line numbers in
the evidence submitted.”
Although Whiting indicates in his opposing separate statement that he disputed
each of Dr. Himelman’s 38 material facts, he does not adequately state with specificity
the basis for disputing each fact and describe the evidence establishing the particular fact
is controverted. Whiting merely cites his medical records included in Dr. Himelman’s
Exhibit A, regarding facts 1 through 25, and Whiting’s declaration, regarding facts 26
8
through 38. The purpose of the moving party’s separate statement and the opposing
separate statement is to assist in establishing whether the parties have met their burdens
of proof. “The separate statement is not merely a technical requirement, it is an
indispensable part of the summary judgment or adjudication process. ‘Separate
statements are required not to satisfy a sadistic urge to torment lawyers, but rather to
afford due process to opposing parties and to permit trial courts to expeditiously review
complex motions for . . . summary judgment to determine quickly and efficiently whether
material facts are disputed.’” (Whitehead, supra, 163 Cal.App.4th at p. 902, quoting
United Community Church v. Garcin (1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 327, 335.)
Whiting’s opposing separate statement is too generalized to assist the court in
determining whether there is any specific evidence raising a triable issue of fact.
Whiting’s failure to comply with the separate statement requirements constitutes
sufficient grounds to grant summary judgment. However, even apart from this valid
technical basis for granting summary judgment, the trial court did not err in ruling on the
merits that Whiting failed to raise any material triable issues of fact, as discussed below.
V
MEDICAL BATTERY
Whiting argues that proving medical battery does not require expert testimony.
Evidence of a lack of informed consent is sufficient. Whiting contends Dr. Himelman
committed medical battery by implanting a medical device and allowing an unidentified
doctor to perform part of the surgery without Whiting’s consent.
“A battery is an intentional and offensive touching of a person who has not
9
consented to the touching. [Citations.] Although typically a battery is a violation of a
person’s wishes to avoid bodily contact that is hostile, aggressive or harmful, the tort is
committed if there is unwanted intentional touching of any kind. [Citation.] . . . Thus,
lack of consent is an essential element of battery. [Citation.]” (Conte v. Girard
Orthopaedic Surgeons Medical Group, Inc. (2003) 107 Cal.App.4th 1260, 1266 (Conte).)
To prevail on a claim for civil battery, the plaintiff must prove: (1) the defendant
intentionally acted in a manner that resulted in a harmful or offensive contact with the
plaintiff; (2) the plaintiff did not consent to the contact; and (3) the harmful or offensive
contact caused injury, damage, loss or harm to the plaintiff. (Piedra v. Dugan (2004) 123
Cal.App.4th 1483, 1495.)
“A typical medical battery case is where a patient has consented to a particular
treatment, but the doctor performs a treatment that goes beyond the consent.” (Conte,
supra, 107 Cal.App.4th at p. 1267.) “‘The scope of the defendant’s protection is the
scope of the consent. If his conduct would be tortious except for consent and his conduct
goes beyond the consent. . . ., he is subject to liability.’ [Citation.] In the medical battery
context, the scope of the consent is important because the gist of such battery is that the
doctor has intentionally touched the patient without consent or in a manner that exceeds
the consent and without justification. [Citations.]” (Id. at p. 1268.)
“The battery theory should be reserved for those circumstances when a doctor
performs an operation to which the patient has not consented. When the patient gives
permission to perform one type of treatment and the doctor performs another, the
requisite element of deliberate intent to deviate from the consent given is present.”
10
(Cobbs v. Grant (1972) 8 Cal.3d 229, 240-241.)
Here, there was insufficient evidence to establish any triable issue of material fact
as to Whiting’s medical battery cause of action. Whiting based his medical battery claim
on the theory Dr. Himelman performed a substantially different medical procedure than
that which Whiting consented to and permitted an unidentified doctor to assist him in the
surgery, without Whiting’s consent. Whiting acknowledges he consented to coronary
angiogram surgery, but argues Dr. Himelman performed an additional procedure; that of
implanting a medical device (a catheter cap) in Whiting’s body without his consent.
Whether use of the Angioseal was a completely different procedure was beyond the
general knowledge of a lay person. Therefore such determination required expert
opinion. Dr. Himelman provided Dr. Brown’s expert opinion that the procedure was not
a completely different procedure requiring separate consent. Because this determination
was beyond the knowledge of a lay witness, expert opinion was required to refute this
determination. (Jambazian v. Borden (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 836, 848-849.)
Dr. Himelman met his burden of establishing there was no merit to Whiting’s
medical battery cause of action by relying on Dr. Brown’s expert testimony, and Whiting
failed to provide any expert rebuttal evidence. Dr. Himelman’s expert witness, Dr.
Brown, who is board certified in internal medicine, cardiovascular disease, and
interventional cardiology, established in his declaration that using the Angioseal, which
Whiting refers to as a catheter cap, did not constitute a substantially different medical
procedure than that which Whiting consented to. Dr. Brown further stated in his
declaration that Dr. Himelman successfully stopped Whiting’s bleeding during the
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surgery (hemostasis) by using an Angioseal vascular closure device sealing Whiting’s
femoral artery by “sandwiching the puncture site between a bio-absorbable anchor and
the collagen sponge, which dissolves within 60 -90 days.” In Dr. Brown’s opinion, “[t]he
use of the Angioseal was appropriate and within the standard of care.” Dr. Brown also
stated in his declaration that, before the surgery, Dr. Himelman discussed with Whiting in
detail the angiogram surgery risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedures and
conscious sedation. Dr. Brown concluded that, because Dr. Himelman did not perform a
substantially different medical procedure than the one to which Whiting consented,
separate consent to Dr. Himelman’s use of the Angioseal was not required.
As to Whiting’s contention the catheter cap device was implanted in Whiting
without Whiting’s consent, Dr. Brown concluded Dr. Himelman did not implant any
medical device in Whiting. Dr. Brown explained that Dr. Himelman used an Angioseal
vascular closure device as a plug after catheterization, and this was appropriate and
within the standard of care. The Angioseal dissolves within 90 days. Dr. Brown further
noted the standard of care does not require that separate informed consent be obtained
from the patient for use of the Angioseal during the angiogram surgery. Therefore not
obtaining informed consent for Dr. Himelman’s use of the Angioseal did not fall below
the standard of care, since use of the Angioseal was an integral part of the angiogram
surgery performed on Whiting, and Dr. Himelman obtained informed consent for the
angiogram surgery.
The only evidence Whiting cited in his opposition to summary judgment was his
medical records and his own declaration. Whiting’s complaint allegations do not
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constitute a valid form of evidence which Whiting can rely on to defeat summary
judgment. (Kurokawa v. Blum (1988) 199 Cal.App.3d 976, 988-989 (Kurokawa).)
“Except to the extent those allegations were factually supported by legally competent
evidence contained in declarations, answers to interrogatories, or deposition testimony,
they are of no moment in ruling upon the summary judgment motion. Since the object of
the motion is to discover whether proof exists to support a claim, the adverse party
(Kurokawa) cannot rely on her verified pleading to defeat the motion.” (Ibid.)
As to Whiting’s declaration and medical records, they do not provide any evidence
rebutting Dr. Brown’s expert opinion testimony establishing Dr. Himelman did not
commit medical battery. Whiting stated in his declaration that on November 12, 2009, he
went to the ER at the Medical Center and underwent numerous tests to determine the
source of his chest pains. After undergoing a battery of cardiac tests, Dr. Himelman
recommended and Whiting consented to coronary angiogram surgery. On November 13,
2009, Dr. Himelman performed the coronary angiogram surgery, with the assistance of
other physicians and medical staff. During most of the surgery, Whiting was
unconscious due to anesthesia. After the angiogram surgery, Dr. Himelman informed
Whiting the angiogram showed no artery blockages and Whiting was released from the
Medical Center.
In December 2009, Whiting returned to the Medical Center ER, complaining of a
strange feeling and pain on the left side of his chest, along with other stomach and
thyroid discomfort. Despite suffering excruciating pain, Whiting’s chest X-rays were
normal. Two days later, Whiting experienced vomiting and a choking sensation. He was
13
transported to the Medical Center ER in an ambulance. Again, the ER physicians were
unable to determine the source of Whiting’s chest pains and other symptoms, and
Whiting was released from the Medical Center. Whiting continued to experience on a
daily basis post surgical complications, including chest pains, thyroid swelling,
headaches, fatigue, nerve pain, muscle twitching, loss of appetite, and urinary tract
problems.
Whiting attempted to obtain copies of his medical records but the Medical Center
refused to provide him access to his records. Whiting further stated in his declaration
that, on May 12, 2012, Dr. Himelman’s attorney, Robert Fessinger, told him during a
phone conversation that Dr. Himelman implanted a medical device, a catheter cap, inside
Whiting’s body, which was the possible cause of Whiting’s post-surgery medical
problems. The catheter cap should have dissolved within 90 days. Dr. Himelman
allegedly did not tell Whiting he implanted the medical device inside Whiting’s body.
According to Whiting, he felt pain from the medical device moving in his chest and
continued to experience severe, permanent disabling injuries and mental anguish from the
negligently performed surgery.
Whiting’s declaration does not refute Dr. Brown’s expert opinion that Dr.
Himelman did not perform a substantially different medical procedure than that which
Whiting consented to. According to Dr. Brown’s expert opinion, Whiting consented to
coronary angiogram surgery; the standard of care did not require Dr. Himelman to obtain
informed consent from Whiting for the use of the Angioseal because the use of the
Angioseal was an integral part of the surgery performed on Whiting; Dr. Himelman
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performed the coronary angiogram surgery within the medical standard of care; the use of
the Angioseal did not constitute implantation of a medical device; and the use of the
Angioseal was within the medical standard of care and did not constitute a substantially
different medical procedure than that which Whiting consented to.
Whiting’s argument that Dr. Himelman admitted he implanted a medical device in
Whiting’s body established medical battery, lacks merit because Whiting relies on
inadmissible hearsay, which does not constitute an admission by Dr. Himelman.
Evidence Code section 1200 defines inadmissible hearsay as any “statement that was
made other than by a witness while testifying at the hearing and that is offered to prove
the truth of the matter stated.” Whiting’s statement in his declaration that Fessinger said
Dr. Himelman implanted a medical device constitutes hearsay which does not fall within
the hearsay exception for party admissions because there was no admission by Dr.
Himelman qualifying as a hearsay exception. (Evid. Code, § 1220 [“Evidence of a
statement is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule when offered against the declarant
in an action to which he is a party. . . .”].) Whiting relies on his own statement in his
declaration, in which Whiting states Dr. Himelman’s attorney, not Dr. Himelman, told
Whiting during a phone conversation that Dr. Himelman implanted a medical device, a
catheter cap, inside Whiting’s body. Since Dr. Himelman did not make the statement, it
does not qualify under the admissions exception to the hearsay rule.
Whiting also failed to provide any evidence supporting his medical battery
contention that, without Whiting’s consent, a second, unidentified doctor performed part
of the angiogram surgery under Dr. Himelman’s supervision. But Whiting signed a
15
consent form regarding cardiac catheterization, agreeing that “this invasive cardiological
procedure will be performed for you by your physician and/or other physicians selected
by the physician.” Whiting also signed a consent form agreeing “The operations or
procedures will be performed by the doctor(s) named below . . ., together with associates
and assistants, including anesthesiologists, pathologists, and radiologists from the
medical staff of the facility listed in patient ID Section to whom the doctor(s) performing
the procedure may assign designated responsibilities.”
Furthermore, Whiting stated in his declaration that he was unconscious during
most of the surgery and therefore would not have known whether another physician
performed the Angioseal portion of the surgery or what the circumstances were for doing
so. Whiting claims that at one point he was aware of a second doctor present during the
surgery. However, Whiting has not identified the doctor and has not established that the
unidentified doctor actually performed any portion of the surgery or performed below the
standard of care and harmed Whiting.
Whiting has not presented any evidence establishing that he can prevail on his
medical battery cause of action against Dr. Himelman. The trial court therefore properly
granted summary judgment as to Whiting’s medical battery cause of action.
VI
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
Whiting contends the trial court erred in granting summary judgment as to his
medical malpractice cause of action based on Whiting not providing any expert testimony
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refuting Dr. Brown’s expert testimony that Dr. Himelman’s conduct fell within the
medical standard of care.
“[I]n any medical malpractice action, the plaintiff must establish: ‘(1) the duty of
the professional to use such skill, prudence, and diligence as other members of his
profession commonly possess and exercise; (2) a breach of that duty; (3) a proximate
causal connection between the negligent conduct and the resulting injury; and (4) actual
loss or damage resulting from the professional’s negligence.’ [Citation.]” (Gami v.
Mullikin Medical Center (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 870, 877; in accord, Hanson v. Grode
(1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 601, 606 (Hanson).)
Whiting concedes that normally expert opinion testimony is required in a medical
malpractice action to establish breach of the medical standard of care. This is because
“‘“‘[t]he standard of care against which the acts of a physician are to be measured is a
matter peculiarly within the knowledge of experts; it presents the basic issue in a
malpractice action and can only be proved by their testimony [citations] . . . .’
[Citations.]” [Citations.]’ [Citation.] ‘“California courts have incorporated the expert
evidence requirement into their standard for summary judgment in medical malpractice
cases. When a defendant moves for summary judgment and supports his motion with
expert declarations that his conduct fell within the community standard of care, he is
entitled to summary judgment unless the plaintiff comes forward with conflicting expert
evidence.” [Citations.]’ [Citation.]’” (Hanson, supra, 76 Cal.App.4th at pp. 606-607.)
Here, Whiting did not provide any expert opinion evidence refuting Dr. Brown’s expert
testimony that Dr. Himelman’s conduct fell within the medical community standard of
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care.
Citing Lashley v. Koerber (1945) 26 Cal.2d 83, Whiting argues that Dr.
Himelman’s own extrajudicial admission satisfied the expert testimony requirement. The
court in Lashley stated: “The expert testimony which establishes plaintiff’s prima facie
case in a malpractice action may be that of defendant. [Citations.] We can presume that
defendant in testifying will state his case as favorably to himself as possible. [Citation.]
And extrajudicial admissions of defendant have the same legal competency as direct
expert testimony to establish the critical averments of the complaint. [Citation.] It is true
that an extrajudicial statement amounting to no more than an admission of bona fide
mistake of judgment or untoward result of treatment is not alone sufficient to permit the
inference of breach of duty; the statement ‘must be an admission of negligence or lack of
skill ordinarily required for the performance of the work undertaken.’ [Citation.] But as
above indicated, in reviewing a judgment of nonsuit, where defendant’s statements or
inferences drawn therefrom conflict, the conflict must be resolved in favor of plaintiff;
where the statements are reasonably susceptible of more than one meaning, that meaning
is to be placed on them which is favorable to plaintiff.” (Id. at pp. 89-90.)
Whiting argues that Dr. Himelman made an extra judicial admission that he
implanted a medical device in Whiting’s body and this satisfied the expert testimony
requirement. Whiting has not provided any admissible evidence that Dr. Himelman made
such an admission. Whiting also argues that Dr. Himelman’s attorney, Fessinger,
attempted to strike the admission from the record during the hearing on Dr. Himelman’s
demurrer to the fourth amended complaint, and the trial court denied the request and
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ruled the admission was admissible evidence. Whiting mischaracterizes the trial court’s
demurrer ruling.
Whiting alleged in his fourth amended complaint that Dr. Himelman’s attorney,
Fessinger, “on May 12, 2011, during a telephone conversation with plaintiff, asserted that
his client Defendant Himelman did in fact implant a medical device inside of plaintiff’s
body which was the possible cause of plaintiff’s post-surgery medical problems. This
medical device identified by Fessinger as a ‘catheter cap’ should have dissolved itself
away ‘within a 90 day period.’” As previously noted in this opinion, allegations in a
complaint do not constitute a valid form of evidence which Whiting can rely on to defeat
summary judgment. (Kurokawa, supra, 199 Cal.App.3d at pp. 988-989.)
Furthermore, during the May 11, 2012 hearing on Dr. Himelman’s demurrer to the
complaint, the trial court did not make any ruling as to the admissibility of Fessinger’s
hearsay statement. During the demurrer hearing, the trial court rejected Dr. Himelman’s
argument that Fessinger’s alleged May 2011 statement to Whiting could not be the basis
of a medical battery claim because it was privileged. The trial court explained that the
litigation privilege (Civ. Code, § 47, subd. (b)(2)) did not apply because it extends to the
act of communicating, not the content of the communication or the conduct spoken about.
Here, Whiting’s claims are not based on Fessinger’s communications but, rather, on Dr.
Himelman’s conduct of allegedly implanting a catheter cap without Whiting’s consent.
Contrary to Whiting’s mischaracterization of the trial court’s May 11, 2012 ruling, the
trial court found that the litigation privilege did not apply and overruled the demurrer.
The trial court did not rule that Dr. Himelman made an extrajudicial admission or that
19
Fessinger’s statement was admissible evidence.
As discussed in the preceding section of this opinion, Fessinger’s statement to
Whiting made during a telephone conversation does not constitute an extrajudicial
admission by Dr. Himelman because Fessinger, not Himelman, made the statement and
Fessinger’s characterization of the Angioseal as an implanted medical device was not an
admission by an expert but, rather, an inaccurate medical conclusion by a lay person.
This statement, relied upon by Whiting as the basis of his medical malpractice claim,
does not constitute expert opinion or an admission by Dr. Himelman. The trial court
therefore did not err in granting Dr. Himelman’s motion for summary judgment, since Dr.
Himelman established a complete defense to Whiting’s medical battery and medical
malpractice causes of action based on Dr. Brown’s unrefuted expert testimony.
VII
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed. Dr. Himelman is awarded his costs on appeal.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
CODRINGTON J.
We concur:
McKINSTER Acting P. J.
KING J.
20
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court held that the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant physician because the plaintiff failed to provide expert testimony to refute the defendant's expert evidence regarding the standard of care and causation, and failed to comply with procedural requirements for opposing summary judgment.
Issues
Whether the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on a medical battery claim when the plaintiff failed to provide expert testimony to refute the defendant's expert evidence.
Whether the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on a medical malpractice claim when the plaintiff failed to provide expert testimony to establish a breach of the standard of care.
Whether the plaintiff's failure to comply with the separate statement requirements of Code of Civil Procedure section 437c justified the grant of summary judgment.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“We conclude Whiting has not established he is able to prove the necessary elements of his medical battery and medical malpractice claims. Therefore the trial court did not err in granting Dr. Himelman’s summary judgment motion.”
“The separate statement is required, not discretionary, on the part of each party, and the statutory language makes the failure to comply with this requirement sufficient grounds to grant the motion.”
“Whether use of the Angioseal was a completely different procedure was beyond the general knowledge of a lay person. Therefore such determination required expert opinion.”