California Court of Appeal Dec 10, 2014 No. E059660Unpublished
Filed 12/10/14 P. v. Walters CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E059660
v. (Super.Ct.No. SWF1200885)
TOMMY LEE WALTERS, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Timothy F. Freer, Judge.
Affirmed.
Theresa Osterman Stevenson, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Arlene Sevidal and Barry Carlton,
Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Defendant, Tommy Lee Walters, was charged with driving or taking a vehicle
without the owner’s consent (Veh. Code, § 10851, subd. (a)), along with an alternate
1
count of receiving a stolen vehicle (Pen. Code, § 496d), a misdemeanor charge of being
under the influence of a controlled substance (heroin), (Health & Saf. Code, §11550,
subd. (a)), allegations he had suffered two prison priors (Pen. Code, § 667.5, subd, (b)),
and two Strike priors (Pen. Code, § 667, subds. (b)-(i)). After the jury expressed
difficulty reaching an agreement, an ill juror was replaced by an alternate, and the
reconstituted jury convicted defendant of driving or taking the vehicle and being under
the influence of a controlled substance. Defendant admitted the prior conviction
allegations, and was sentenced to an aggregate term of four years in state prison.
Defendant appeals, challenging the denial of a request for mistrial after the court
replaced a juror who became ill during deliberations, after the court had directed the jury,
which was having difficulty reaching a verdict, to continue deliberating. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
We provide a cursory overview of the facts of the offense because they are not
germane to the issue. Defendant drove up to the residence where Darlene Walters, his
wife, lived with her boyfriend Richard Monson. Defendant was driving a blue pickup
truck that he said belonged to a friend. Upon hearing the vehicle drive up, Monson went
outside to investigate because defendant had previously said he would steal a car to get
Darlene if he had to. Monson was angry that defendant had brought a stolen truck to the
residence and told defendant to get the stolen truck out of there. Defendant and Monson
then began to bump chests and struggle in an altercation over Darlene.
The two men then calmed down and went inside the residence. At about this time,
Corporal Blinn of the Riverside Sheriff’s Department arrived with his partner in response
2
to a call about a disturbance and an unknown vehicle at the location. They saw a blue
pickup truck parked in the driveway with the engine still running. The rear window on
the driver’s side was smashed, and because the caller had referred to a truck, Corporal
Blinn suspected the truck was stolen.
After a few minutes, the officers saw Monson exit the residence followed by
defendant. Corporal Blinn stopped defendant from touching the truck as defendant
approached it, and asked to speak with defendant. Defendant denied seeing the truck
before. Corporal Blinn looked in from the passenger side of the truck and saw that the
ignition had been removed and there was a set of keys dangling from the hole where the
ignition had been. The keys included an AutoZone Rewards card (in defendant’s name),
a flashlight, which Darlene identified as belonging to defendant, and a small tool. Blinn
also saw a box of cigarettes and the bottom half of an aluminum can with black residue
and melted cotton fibers, commonly used for “cooking” heroin. Corporal Blinn noted
that defendant exhibited symptoms of a depressant, and defendant admitted he used
heroin. It was subsequently learned that the pickup had been recently stolen.
Defendant was charged by an amended information with driving or taking a
vehicle without the owner’s consent (Veh. Code, § 10851, subd. (a), count 1), buying or
receiving a stolen vehicle (Pen. Code, § 496d, subd. (a), count 2 [as an alternate count]),
and a misdemeanor charge of being under the influence of a controlled substance (Health
& Saf. Code, § 11550, subd. (a), count 3). It was further alleged that defendant had
suffered two prior felony convictions for which he had served prison terms (prison priors)
3
within the meaning of Penal Code, section 667.5, subdivision (b),1 and that he had
suffered two prior convictions for a serious or violent felony under Penal Code section
667, subdivisions (c) and (e)(2)(A) (the Strikes law).
Defendant was tried by a jury. During deliberations, the jury forwarded several
questions and requests to the court before informing the court that there had been four
votes with two changes but that the jury was not unanimous. The court contacted counsel
to advise them of the development, and added that in addition to the lack of unanimity,
one juror was ill and wished to be excused.
With the jury present, the court inquired if the jury were unanimous on any count,
and learned that it had reached a verdict on one count. The court indicated it was
reluctant to declare a mistrial when there is a possibility of a unanimous verdict, so it
inquired of the jurors, individually, whether they thought additional deliberations would
be of benefit. Of the twelve original jurors, six indicated that further deliberations would
be of benefit, but six indicated they would not.
The court determined that further deliberations would be of benefit and excused all
the jurors except Juror No. 12, who had requested to be excused for illness. The court
asked if the juror felt well enough to stay till the end of day, and the juror indicated that
although she had just been ill in the bathroom, she would try to stay. The jury retired to
resume deliberations.
1 The information upon which defendant was tried did not include the prison priors. However, the priors were bifurcated from the trial of guilt on the substantive charges, and the People filed a second amended information prior to the court trial on the priors to add the prison priors.
4
The next morning, Juror No. 12 called in sick, reporting that her doctor had
directed her to stay at home for two weeks. Defense counsel did not object to excusing
the ill juror, but requested a mistrial instead of replacing the juror. The court denied the
motion for mistrial. The court selected an alternate juror to replace the ill juror and the
jury was instructed to recommence deliberations, disregarding the earlier deliberations.
At 11:45 a.m., the jury returned with verdicts: it found defendant guilty of count 1 (Veh.
On August 15, 2013, defendant admitted the prison priors as well as the Strikes
and the court sentenced the defendant to four years in state prison (the midterm of two
years, doubled for the Strike). The court struck the two prison priors at sentencing.
Defendant timely appealed.
DISCUSSION
The Trial Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion In Denying a Mistrial.
Defendant argues that the trial court erroneously denied his request for a mistrial.
He asserts it was error to replace the ill juror with an alternate, where the jury was
“deadlocked,” and that the court’s comments about “closure” and “judicial economy”
placed pressure on the jurors to reach a verdict. We disagree.
2 The jury had been instructed that if it returned a guilty verdict on count 1, it should leave the verdict form for count 2 blank. A defendant cannot be convicted of both stealing and receiving the same property. (People v. Allen (1999) 21 Cal.4th 846, 851- 853; People v. Jaramillo (1976) 16 Cal.3d 752, 757.) Subsequently, the court deemed that the mere fact the jury found defendant guilty on count 1 made count 2 a not guilty finding as a matter of law. The Judicial Council of California Criminal Jury Instruction (CALCRIM) should be amended to instruct the jury to make a not guilty finding on an alternate count to avoid confusion in the future.
5
A motion for a mistrial should be granted when a defendant’s chances of receiving
a fair trial have been irreparably damaged. (People v. Harris (2013) 57 Cal.4th 804,
848.) A motion for mistrial is directed to the sound discretion of the trial court. (People
v. Jenkins (2000) 22 Cal.4th 900, 985.) In order to show his chances of receiving a fair
trial were damaged, defendant must establish that the trial court erred in replacing the ill
juror, and that it coerced the jurors to continue deliberating.
If at any time, whether before or after the final submission of the case to the jury, a
juror dies or becomes ill, or upon other good cause shown to the court is found to be
unable to perform his or her duty, or if a jury requests a discharge and good cause
appears, the court may order the juror to be discharged and draw the name of an alternate
to take the place of the discharged juror. (Pen. Code, § 1089; People v. Thomas (1990)
218 Cal.App.3d 1477, 1484.) In such a situation, where good cause is shown, the
decision to discharge the juror rests within the discretion of the trial court, and, absent an
abuse of discretion, cannot be disturbed on appeal. (People v. Boyette (2002) 29 Cal.4th
381, 462, citing People v. Cleveland (2001) 25 Cal.4th 466, 475; see also, People v.
Moore (1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 540, 547 (Moore).)
Defendant did not object to the discharge of the ill juror, but opposed the
substitution of an alternate juror for the discharged juror. However, when a juror is
dismissed or discharged after commencement of deliberations, it is appropriate to
substitute another juror. (People v. Collins (1976) 17 Cal.3d 687, 691-692 (Collins).)
The substitution of another juror is desirable to maintain judicial efficiency and avoid
retrial. (Id., at p. 692.) Further, where a juror is discharged during deliberations and
6
replaced with an alternate juror, the trial court is required to instruct the jury to set aside
and disregard all past deliberations and begin deliberations anew. (Pen. Code, § 1089;
Collins, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 691; People v. Martinez (1984) 159 Cal.App.3d 661, 664.)
This instruction insures that each of the 12 jurors reaching the verdict has fully
participated in the deliberations, just as each had observed and heard all the proceedings
in the case. (Collins, supra, 17 Cal.3d at p. 694.)
The defendant’s right to a fair and impartial jury does not include the right to have
any particular individual sit as a juror on his case. (Moore, supra, 166 Cal.App.3d at p.
548.) Thus, the trial court properly exercised its discretion in excusing the ill juror,
replacing that juror with an alternate, and in instructing the jury to begin deliberations
anew.
Having determined that the court did not err in replacing the ill juror and
instructing the juror to begin deliberations anew, we turn to the question of whether the
trial court improperly placed excessive pressure on dissenting jurors. (See, People v.
Gainer (1977) 19 Cal.3d 835, 845, 852 [disapproved on another position in People v.
Valdez (2012) 55 Cal.4th 82, 163] [holding it is error to give an instruction that either (1)
encourages jurors to consider the numerical division or preponderance of opinion in
forming or reexamining their views (previously approved by the United States Supreme
Court in Allen v. United States (1896) 164 U.S. 492, 530-531 [41 L.Ed. 528, 17 S.Ct.
154]) or (2) states or implies that if the jury fails to agree the case will necessarily be
retried].)
7
Prior to the discharge of the ill juror, the jury sent a note to the court indicating it
was not unanimous. The jury foreman did not indicate the numerical division of the
panel, and the court did not inquire.3 Instead, the court summoned the jury to inquire if
additional deliberations would be beneficial.
The court addressed the panel. Among other things, the court stated, “You’ve
only been deliberating for now one day, maybe almost a day and a half. In the interest of
judicial economy, your time is everyone else’s time. It’s better if we can reach a verdict
one way or the other. I’m not saying how, which verdict you’re going to reach, but we
need closure. That’s what we do here is closure, if it’s at all possible. I would ask you to
go back and deliberate further.” The court also reminded the jury that everyone was
entitled to “their own opinion,” although one may be persuaded “you may be incorrect,”
but “if you’re still convinced, absolutely stick by your guns.”
The next day, Juror No. 12 called in ill and was excused, replaced by an alternate.
The court instructed the jury to disregard all past deliberations and begin them again, as if
those earlier deliberations had not taken place. (CALCRIM No. 3575.) We assume the
jury followed the instructions. (People v. Lucas (2014) 60 Cal.4th 153, 322, citing
3 The next day, when defense counsel put his mistrial motion on the record, counsel asked the court what the numerical division of the jury was, and the court responded that they were 11 to 1. However, the court never inquired of the jury what its numerical division was on the previous day, and the jury notes did not indicate what the division was. The jury’s note merely indicated that they were not unanimous. When the court polled the jury to determine if further deliberations might possibly be of benefit in reaching a verdict, six replied yes, and six replied no. On this record, the court misspoke when it commented that the numerical division was “11-to-1”, and there is nothing to suggest Juror No. 12 was a hold out.
8
People v. Yeoman (2003) 31 Cal.4th 93, 139.) Any error presented by the court’s
comments was necessarily rendered moot when the ill juror was discharged and replaced
by the alternate, because there was no deadlock among the newly reconstituted jury.
There could be no harm from the court’s comments to the original jury, instructing the
jurors to continue deliberations, when that jury’s deliberations did not form the basis for
the convictions.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
RAMIREZ P. J.
We concur:
HOLLENHORST J.
KING J.
9
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by replacing an ill juror with an alternate and instructing the jury to begin deliberations anew, nor did it improperly coerce the jury into reaching a verdict.
Issues
Did the trial court abuse its discretion by denying a mistrial and replacing an ill juror with an alternate?
Did the trial court improperly coerce the jury into reaching a verdict through comments regarding judicial economy and closure?
Disposition. affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The substitution of another juror is desirable to maintain judicial efficiency and avoid retrial.”
“The defendant’s right to a fair and impartial jury does not include the right to have any particular individual sit as a juror on his case.”
“Any error presented by the court’s comments was necessarily rendered moot when the ill juror was discharged and replaced by the alternate, because there was no deadlock among the newly reconstituted jury.”