California Court of Appeal Apr 25, 2014 No. D063775Unpublished
Filed 4/25/14 P. v. McCoy CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D063775
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. SCD236179)
CATHERINE R. MCCOY,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Jeffrey F.
Fraser, Judge. Affirmed with directions.
Patricia A. Scott, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, A. Natasha Cortina and Kristen
Kinnaird Chenelia, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
After two jury trials, Catherine R. McCoy was convicted of forcible rape with a
armed with a deadly weapon (§§ 667.61, subds. (b), (c), (e); 12022.3, subd. (a)), that the
crime was committed while kidnapping the victim (§ 667.61, subds. (b), (c), (e)), and that
the movement of the victim substantially increased the risk of harm to the victim
(§ 667.61, subd. (d)(2)).
The court sentenced McCoy to an indeterminate term of 35 years to life, consisting
of 25 years to life for the rape conviction plus 10 years for the weapon enhancement. The
court stayed the sentence for count 2 pursuant to section 654 and imposed a concurrent
three-year term for the assault in count 3 and a concurrent two-year term for the criminal
threat conviction in count 4.
McCoy appeals challenging only the concurrent sentence imposed for count 4.
McCoy contends the sentence for that count should have been stayed pursuant to section
654. She also contends, and the People agree, there is a clerical error in the abstract of
judgment. We will conclude the record supports the trial court's decision that the
criminal threats in count 4 were made pursuant to a separate intent and objective and
therefore, even though they occurred during a continuous course of criminal behavior, a
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified. 2
separate sentence is authorized under section 654. We will order the abstract of judgment
be amended and will affirm the judgment as modified.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Since McCoy does not challenge either the admissibility or sufficiency of the
evidence to support her convictions, we will set forth an abbreviated statement of facts,
simply to provide context for the discussion which follows.
The victim in this case, Amber E., was acquainted with McCoy and her significant
other, Quentin Peters (Peters), as well as the codefendant in this case Christopher Carera
(Carera)2 and some of their friends. Amber E. had partied with the group and at different
times she had sexual relations with Peters, Carera and another man. She had sex with
Peters three times and he paid her on one occasion.
McCoy was very jealous of her relationship with Peters and had warned Amber E.
to stay away from Peters.
On August 17, 2011, Amber E. was at the house where McCoy had been staying.
Amber E. was still at the house when McCoy and Carera arrived. McCoy almost
immediately began a confrontation in which she told Amber E. that she was going to kill
her. McCoy then punched the victim repeatedly, knocking her to the ground. Carera
helped McCoy force the victim into the back of McCoy's Ford Excursion. Carera told the
victim he would hurt her if she tried to get away. McCoy then drove the car away with
2 Carera was tried separately and his case is not before us. 3
the victim in the back seat and Carera in the passenger seat. McCoy then moved to the
backseat while Carera drove the car.
In the back seat McCoy told the victim that she knew the victim had engaged in
sex with Peters. McCoy told the victim she would kill her. Thereafter McCoy beat the
victim with her fists, a flashlight and a golf club and repeatedly tried to choke her.
McCoy then enlisted Carera to tear off the victim's clothes. McCoy continued to
beat the victim with the golf club and inserted the handle of the club into the victim's
vagina "about seven times."
Ultimately, Carera and McCoy told the victim they would let her live. They
dragged her from the car, hit her in the face and kicked her and attempted to throw her
down a canyon. They told the victim if she said anything they would kill her. McCoy
and Carera then drove away leaving the victim naked along the side of the road.
After the car drove off, Amber E. was able to get assistance from a passing
motorist and then from police.
DISCUSSION
I
SECTION 654
When the trial court sentenced McCoy, the court stayed the sentence on count 2
(kidnapping) under section 654. The court also found that count 3 (assault) and count 4
(criminal threats) were separate offenses and entitled to be sentenced separately. The
court then imposed concurrent sentences for counts 3 and 4. On appeal McCoy
4
challenges the concurrent sentence on count 4, but somewhat inconsistently does not
challenge the sentence on count 3.
The trial court found that all of the offenses arose from a single course of conduct,
that is threats, beatings, kidnapping and rape, but found the assault and threats arose from
separate intents. McCoy contends that the threats made were all part of a single intent
and purpose connected with the rape and kidnapping.
Section 654, subdivision (a) provides: "An act or omission that is punishable in
different ways by different provisions of law shall be punished under the provision that
provides for the longest potential term of imprisonment, but in no case shall the act or
omission be punished under more than one provision. An acquittal or conviction and
sentence under any one bars a prosecution for the same act or omission under any other."
The courts have interpreted section 654 to bar multiple punishments where a
single act violates several statutes, or where there is a course of conduct in which there is
only a single intent or purpose. (People v. Latimer (1993) 5 Cal.4th 1203, 1208
(Latimer).) Whether a course of conduct involves different offenses based on separate
intents and objectives is a question of fact for the trial court to determine. On review we
determine whether the trial court's decision is supported by substantial evidence. (People
v. Jones (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 1139, 1143.)
One of the factors to be considered in determining whether a course of conduct
constitutes separately punishable offenses is whether there was an opportunity for the
defendant to reflect between the several criminal acts. (Latimer, supra, 5 Cal.4th at
pp. 1211-1212; People v. Trotter (1992) 7 Cal.App.4th 363, 368 (Trotter).)
5
By way of example, in Trotter, supra, 7 Cal.App.4th 363, the defendant was
charged with firing three shots at a police officer who was pursuing him. He fired one
shot, and about a minute later fired a second and the third followed in a matter of
seconds. (Id. at p. 366.) The trial court imposed consecutive sentences for the first two
shots and stayed the sentence on the third. (Id. at p. 365.) The court in Trotter upheld the
sentences against a challenge under section 654. The fact there was time to reflect
between the several acts supported the trial court's finding of separate intents, even
though all of the shots were fired for the general purpose of ending the police pursuit.
(Id. at p. 368.) Trotter was cited with approval in Latimer, supra, 5 Cal.4th at pages 1211
to 1212. Multiple crimes are not one transaction where the defendant has a chance to
reflect and each offense poses a new risk of harm to the victim. (People v. Felix (2001)
92 Cal.App.4th 905, 915.)
In the present case it is clear that McCoy had plenty of opportunity to reflect
between the multiple offenses. She threatened the victim at the outset. That was
followed by assaults and placing the victim in the vehicle. Next McCoy changed seats in
order to conduct further assaults. Then McCoy enlisted the aid of Carera in stripping the
victim in order to rape and assault her. When the victim was dumped naked out of the
vehicle and again beaten, the last act was to again threaten her if she said anything about
the crimes. In our view, the record clearly supports the trial court's finding that both the
assault count and the threat count involved separate crimes, with separate intents. Thus,
the court could impose separate sentences on each. Section 654 does not bar such
sentences.
6
II
THE ABSTRACT OF JUDGMENT
The parties agree there is a clerical error in the abstract of judgment. At
sentencing the trial court awarded McCoy 602 actual days and 90 days of conduct credit
However, although the abstract has a correct total of 692 days, it reflects 90 days actual
and 92 days of conduct credits. The superior court must amend the abstract to reflect 602
days of actual custody and 90 days of conduct credit.
DISPOSITION
The superior court is directed to amend the abstract of judgment consistent with
this opinion and to forward an amended abstract to the Department of Corrections and
Rehabilitation. In all other respects the judgment is affirmed.
HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.
WE CONCUR:
NARES, J.
McINTYRE, J.
7
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court held that the trial court properly imposed separate, concurrent sentences for criminal threats and assault because the record supported a finding that these offenses were committed with separate intents and objectives, despite occurring during a continuous course of conduct.
Issues
Whether the trial court erred under Penal Code section 654 by imposing a concurrent sentence for criminal threats rather than staying it.
Disposition. Affirmed with directions
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“Multiple crimes are not one transaction where the defendant has a chance to reflect and each offense poses a new risk of harm to the victim.”