California Court of Appeal Oct 18, 2013 No. E056205Unpublished
Filed 10/18/13 P. v. Franklin CA4/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, E056205
v. (Super.Ct.No. FVI1101407)
KAIEESHA FRANKLIN, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Jules E. Fleuret,
Judge. Affirmed.
Rex Williams, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Melissa Mandel and Kathryn
Kirschbaum, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
1
INTRODUCTION
Sixteen year-old Kaieesha Franklin (defendant) argues that the trial court abused
its discretion in imposing the upper term following her conviction for attempted murder
(Pen. Code, §§ 664/187, subd. (a)).1 We will affirm.
On June 9, 2011, in the course of a street brawl between two neighbors that
followed a dispute over a children‟s ball game, defendant stabbed a 13-year-old girl (the
victim) in the abdomen, chest, and arm.
The fight began when a child from one family fell—or was pushed—into a rose
bush and his mother, Tempest S. (Tempest), began fighting with the mother of the
children with whom he had been playing, Monique K. (Monique). As the fight between
the women escalated, family members from both sides joined in and began calling friends
and relatives to come and help. Eventually, over 20 people arrived; many became
involved in the brawl.
Defendant, the great-niece of Tempest‟s husband Donald (Donald), was driven to
the fight by her mother, Elaine E. Defendant and one of Monique‟s daughters, thirteen-
year-old G. K. (the victim), began punching each other. At some point defendant went
into Donald‟s house for five or ten minutes, then returned with her right hand held behind
her back and approached the victim saying, “I want you, bitch. I want you.” When
defendant and the victim resumed fighting, defendant stabbed the victim multiple times
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise indicated.
2
in the chest, abdomen, and arm. The victim was airlifted from the scene to Loma Linda
University Hospital, where she remained for more than a week.
On September 6, 2011, defendant was charged by information as an adult (Welf.
& Inst. Code, § 707, subd. (d)(2)(A)), with attempted murder (§§ 664/187, count 1) and
assault with a deadly weapon (§ 245, subd. (a)(1), count 2). As to count 1, the
information alleged that the attempted murder was willful, deliberate, and premeditated
(§ 664, subd. (a)); that defendant had personally used a deadly and dangerous weapon in
the commission of the crime (§ 12022, subd. (b)(1)); and that she had personally inflicted
great bodily injury on the victim (§ 12022.7, subd. (a)). On September 13, 2011, the
court granted the People‟s motion to dismiss count 2.
On September 21, 2011, a jury found defendant guilty of attempted murder but not
that the crime was willful, deliberate, or premeditated. The jury also found true the
allegations that defendant had personally used a deadly weapon in the commission of the
attempted murder and had inflicted great bodily injury on the victim. The court referred
the matter to probation for a report.
The probation report filed on October 19, 2011, identified four factors in
aggravation and two in mitigation. (Cal. Rules of Court, rules 4.421, 4.423) In
aggravation: the crime disclosed a high degree of cruelty, viciousness, and callousness;
defendant was armed with a weapon at the time of the offense; the victim was
particularly vulnerable; the manner in which the crime was carried out indicated planning
and sophistication; and defendant had engaged in violent conduct which indicated she
was a danger to society. In mitigation: defendant had no prior record. The report noted
3
as “the most despicable aspect surrounding the current offense” that not one adult had
intervened to stop the incident from escalating to the point where a 13-year-old child was
almost murdered. The report recommended that defendant receive the mid-term sentence
of seven years for the primary conviction of attempted murder, plus three additional years
for the infliction of great bodily injury and one year for the use of a deadly weapon.
At the beginning of the sentencing hearing on April 27, 2012, the court informed
the parties that it had read and considered the probation officer‟s report and
recommendations as of the date it was filed. The court then heard victim impact
statements from the victim and her parents. The victim‟s father, H. K., told the court that,
following the incident, he had lost his job and the family had had to move. H. and
Monique both described their daughter‟s severe physical and emotional scars and her
inability to sleep because of fear that someone would break in to “finish the job.” The
victim described the feeling of “my blood leaving my body as I collapsed to the ground.”
Apparently because she was unable to continue speaking, the district attorney then read
the rest of the statement in which the victim described the pain of her injuries and
treatment in the hospital, her fear of death, and the “ugly scars” she would have to live
with for the rest of her life. She said defendant had had “no compassion” and had never
apologized.
Defense counsel argued that two of the aggravating circumstances identified by
the probation report were incorrect. The 13-year-old victim was not, counsel said,
particularly vulnerable. Also, in counsel‟s opinion, the crime did not demonstrate
sophistication and planning: “This is exactly the opposite of that.” Counsel asked the
4
court to impose the low term and, in the interests of justice, to waive the enhancement
terms. The prosecutor stressed the vulnerability of the victim, who was in her own home
while defendant came to the neighborhood from elsewhere, and defendant‟s planning as
demonstrated by her going into the house and retrieving the knife. Citing the probation
report, the prosecutor emphasized the vicious nature of the act and asked the court to
impose the upper term.
After discussing adult involvement in and responsibility for the crime, the court
agreed that the 13-year-old victim was vulnerable: “[s]he was involved in a scuffle that
involved pushing and fists,” but “she was in her own front yard” and “there was nothing
to indicate that anyone was going to bring a knife to the fistfight.” The court also agreed
that the fact that defendant left the fistfight to get a knife showed planning. In the court‟s
view, the fact that defendant had no prior record and had expressed “some sympathy” for
the victim did not outweigh the factors in aggravation. “Considering the impact that this
conduct which was found to be true by the jury has had on the victim in this case and the
other factors in aggravation and mitigation, it appears appropriate to the court that she
should be sentenced to the aggravated term, which is nine years.” The court added that
“The effect that the conduct had on the victim and the family in this case is tremendous;
and that is an appropriate message to be sent. Not just to other people situated similarly
to Miss Franklin but to people like her parents who act like children, who let their pride,
their belief that violence is a solution to conflict infect their children. So it‟s just
unfortunate that some of the parents and adults involved can‟t share some of this time
with Miss Franklin.”
5
The court sentenced defendant to a total of 13 years in state prison: the upper term
of 9 years for the attempted murder offense, plus three consecutive years for the use of a
deadly weapon and 1 year for the infliction of great bodily injury.2
DISCUSSION
Defendant‟s sole argument on appeal is that the trial court abused its discretion in
selecting the upper term for the primary offense. The People respond that the sentence
does not represent an abuse of discretion and that in any case, defendant has forfeited her
argument by failing to raise it below. We deal first with the People‟s second point.
Forfeiture
The People are correct that generally, in the interests of judicial economy,
sentencing errors must be raised below to preserve them as issues appropriate for
consideration on appeal. (People v. Scott (1994) 9 Cal.4th 331, 351, 354.) To be proper,
an objection must be specific enough to give the trial court “a meaningful opportunity to
correct any sentencing errors.” (People v. de Soto (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 1, 9.)
Here, defense counsel argued specifically that two of the four aggravating factors
identified in the probation report were incorrect and inappropriate. He also pressed the
court to consider his client‟s lack of a criminal record and good behavior in juvenile hall
as additional factors in mitigation. He summarized his arguments by asking that she be
2 Pursuant to the provision of Welfare and Institutions Code section 1731.5, subdivision (c), the court ordered defendant to be housed at the Department of Juvenile Justice. Because defendant‟s period of incarceration will extend beyond her 21st birthday, she may be transferred to state prison after her 18th birthday. (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 1731.5, subd. (c)(3).)
6
sentenced to the lower term rather than the middle term recommended in the report.
Although not couched in the language of a formal objection, counsel‟s clear and specific
arguments for the lower term rather than the middle term must reasonably be construed as
also constituting an objection to the upper term. Certainly they gave the trial court a
meaningful opportunity to modify its intended sentence, had it wished to do so.
Forfeiture is thus not appropriate.
The Upper Term
Standard of Review
We review the trial court‟s selection of a sentence term for abuse of discretion.
(People v. Sandoval (2007) 41 Cal.4th 825, 847 (Sandoval).)
Applicable Law
In sentencing a convicted offender, a trial court may select any one of the three
available statutory prison terms which in its discretion best serves the interests of justice.
(§ 1170, subd. (b).) Although the court is required to state the reasons for its choice on
the record (§ 1170, subd. (c)), and is to be guided by considerations of aggravating and
mitigating circumstances (§ 1170 subd. (b)), it is not required to weigh such factors, or to
cite specific facts in support of its sentencing choice. (Sandoval, supra, 41 Cal.4th at pp.
846-847.) And while, “[A] court may not impose an upper term by using the fact of any
enhancement upon which sentence is imposed under any provision of law,” (§ 1170,
subd. (b)), its “discretion to identify aggravating circumstances is otherwise limited only
by the requirement that they be „reasonably related to the decision being made.‟”
(Sandoval, supra, at p. 848, quoting Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.408(a).) In addition to the
7
record and the probation report, the court may consider “statements in aggravation or
mitigation submitted by the prosecution, the defendant, or the victim, or the family of the
victim if the victim is deceased, and any further evidence introduced at the sentencing
hearing.” (§ 1170, subd. (b).) Finally, “„California courts have long held that a single
factor in aggravation is sufficient to justify a sentencing choice, including the selection of
an upper term[.]‟ [Citation.]” (People v. Quintanilla (2009) 170 Cal.App.4th 406, 413;
see also People v. Cruz (1995) 38 Cal.App.4th 427, 433-434.)
Analysis
Here, the trial court properly agreed with and relied upon a number of the factors
in aggravation identified in the probation report, as well as the statements made by the
victim and her parents at the sentencing hearing. First, as the probation report said, the
crime disclosed “a high degree of cruelty, viciousness and callousness.” Even defense
counsel did not dispute this. The victim was repeatedly stabbed in her chest and
abdomen, as well as in her arm. Second, the court‟s agreement that the victim was
particularly vulnerable was well supported by the record: she was 13 years old, unarmed,
and in her own yard when the unexpectedly deadly attack occurred. Third, that defendant
planned her attack was, as the court noted, shown by the sequence of her acts: she paused
in the middle of a fistfight to go inside her uncle‟s house for several minutes, retrieve a
knife, and return with the weapon hidden behind her back as she approached the victim.
Finally, the detailed statements of the victim and her parents describing her hospital
ordeal and ongoing physical and emotional scars were “„reasonably related to the
decision being made.‟ [Citation.]” (Sandoval, supra, 41 Cal.4th at p. 848.)
8
Alleged Use of an Improper Factor
Defendant argues that the court‟s statement about adult responsibility for the
initial brawl shows that it imposed the upper term not to punish defendant but in
retribution against the adults. We disagree. The court‟s statement that the course of
events that led to the crime were set in motion when adults who should have behaved like
adults instead behaved like children, was in no way connected to the sentence it imposed
on defendant for her own crime. In our opinion, the court was merely expressing a wish
that it could also sentence the adults—for their own misdeeds—and was not an indication
that it was using their misconduct as a factor in selecting defendant‟s sentence.
Moreover, even if it was somehow misusing its disapproval of the adults, the court
had many other aggravating factors supporting its decision, and there is thus no basis for
this court to disturb the sentence. “When a trial court has given both proper and improper
reasons for a sentence choice, a reviewing court will set aside the sentence only if it is
reasonably probable that the trial court would have chosen a lesser sentence had it known
that some of its reasons were improper.” (People v. Price (1991) 1 Cal.4th 324, 492,
superseded by statute on a different ground as stated in People v. Hinks (1997) 58
Cal.App.4th 1157, 1161.) The trial court stated on the record how and why it selected the
upper term for the viciously attempted murder of a vulnerable young victim. There is no
reasonable probability that it would have selected a lesser term for defendant absent its
disapproval of adult behavior.
The trial court did not abuse its discretion.
9
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
CODRINGTON J.
We concur:
McKINSTER Acting P. J.
RICHLI J.
10
AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing the upper term sentence for attempted murder, as the court properly relied on multiple aggravating factors including the victim's vulnerability, the defendant's planning, and the vicious nature of the crime.
Issues
Did the trial court abuse its discretion in selecting the upper term for the primary offense?
Did the trial court improperly consider the conduct of adults involved in the incident when sentencing the defendant?
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“The trial court did not abuse its discretion.”
“California courts have long held that a single factor in aggravation is sufficient to justify a sentencing choice, including the selection of an upper term”