Conservatorship of Willett CA4/1 (2013) · DecisionDepot
Conservatorship of Willett CA4/1
California Court of Appeal Jul 17, 2013 No. D062408Unpublished
Filed 7/17/13 Conservatorship of Willett CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
Conservatorship of the Person and Estate of RUTH ELAINE WILLETT. D062408
STEPHAN WILLETT,
Petitioner and Appellant, (Super. Ct. No. 37-2011-00150603-PR- CP-NC) v.
GERRY A. DONNELLY, as Conservator, etc., et al.,
Objectors and Respondents.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Richard G.
Cline, Judge. Affirmed.
Stephan Willett, in pro. per., for Petitioner and Appellant.
Ruben Rodriguez for Objector and Respondent Geraldine Donnelly.
No appearance for Objector and Respondent Jolaine Hatter.
Stephan Willett appeals the order appointing Gerry A. Donnelly conservator of the
person and estate of his mother, Ruth Elaine Willett.1 Stephan contends he should have
been appointed conservator because, as Ruth's son, he is more familiar with her medical
and financial problems than is Donnelly, an unrelated professional fiduciary. We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Stephan, who is Ruth's son and lives in Virginia, petitioned the probate court to
2 Subsequent undesignated section references are to the Probate Code. 3
file and spoke to Ruth, Stephan, and Hatter. Weiss reported that Ruth objected to the
appointment of a conservator and had estate planning documents sufficient to manage her
affairs. Weiss therefore recommended that the temporary letters of conservatorship
granted to Stephan be terminated, and that his petition for appointment as general
conservator be denied.
At a review hearing concerning Stephan's temporary letters of conservatorship, the
probate court directed the parties to select a neutral party to act as Ruth's conservator and
a psychiatrist to evaluate her. If the parties could not agree on these selections, the court
directed each party to submit two names and corresponding résumés for a conservator
and for a psychiatrist. The court extended Stephan's temporary letters of conservatorship,
but ordered that he make no major decisions regarding Ruth's physical placement or
financial matters.
Only Weiss, acting on behalf of Ruth, complied with the probate court's order by
proposing two conservators and two psychiatrists. The court appointed Donnelly
temporary conservator and Dominick Addario, M.D., as psychiatric evaluator. After the
case was assigned to a different judge (Hon. Richard G. Cline), the court suspended
Stephan as temporary conservator of Ruth's person and confirmed the appointment of
Donnelly to that position.
Weiss subsequently filed a supplement to her earlier report to the probate court
regarding Stephan's petition for appointment as general conservator of Ruth's person and
estate. In the supplement, Weiss stated she had met with Ruth on several occasions to
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discuss the conservatorship. According to Weiss, Ruth wanted Stephan "to have no
rights towards her estate . . . or any involvement regarding her person." Ruth also
nominated Donnelly as conservator of her estate.
About three weeks later, Dr. Addario filed a capacity declaration and psychiatric
evaluation concerning Ruth. According to Dr. Addario, Ruth suffers from dementia and
bipolar disorder and has severe impairment of judgment, attention, concentration, and
memory. As a result, Ruth is subject to undue influence, lacks capacity to give informed
consent to medical treatment, and is not competent to enter into contracts or modify a
will. In Dr. Addario's opinion, Ruth's mental status will not improve, and she requires a
permanent conservatorship and residence in a safe and secure setting such as the assisted
living facility where she has been residing.
After receiving the supplemental report from Weiss, the capacity declaration and
psychiatric evaluation from Dr. Addario, and other papers from Stephan and Hatter, the
probate court held a hearing at which the parties submitted Stephan's petition for
appointment of a general conservator for Ruth's estate and person for decision without
additional evidence or argument. The court subsequently issued a minute order
appointing Donnelly permanent conservator of Ruth's estate and person.
DISCUSSION
The parties agree Ruth needs a conservator, but they disagree over who that should
be. Although it is difficult to discern in Stephan's briefing a cogent legal argument
among all the invective and accusations of wrongdoing he directs at Hatter and Donnelly,
as best we can tell Stephan contends he should be appointed Ruth's conservator because
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he is a family member; "knows the type of care [Ruth] needs"; has "full knowledge" of
Hatter's efforts "to defraud, control, and hide assets"; and "has zealously sought to timely
protect Estate assets that he knows are being misappropriated and/or wasted away."3
Donnelly counters that "appointing a disinterested, third-party, private professional
fiduciary is in the best interests of [Ruth] because there is discord among her children."
As we shall explain, Donnelly has the better argument.
A. The Proper Standard of Review Is Abuse of Discretion
The parties disagree on the threshold issue of which standard of review applies.
Stephan contends the standard of review "should be de novo in this case." He admits he
"could not find a case on point," but "believes a case of this magnitude warrants a higher
standard of review." Donnelly asserts we should review the trial court's order under the
deferential abuse of discretion standard. We agree with Donnelly.
3 At various points in his briefing, Stephan also asks us to: (1) award him attorney fees; (2) sanction the probate court and Dr. Addario "for professional misconduct based on the assessment of [Ruth]"; (3) require Weiss to return to Ruth's estate the $11,000 in attorney fees she was paid, and report the matter to the State Bar; and (4) order that he be permitted to see Ruth during an unspecified trip to California. Stephan, however, cites no facts of record or legal authorities to support any of these requests. In any event, we have no jurisdiction to grant any of his requests because the trial court made no rulings regarding them and they have nothing to do with the order on appeal. (See Code Civ. Proc., § 906 [appellate court may review intermediate ruling "which involves the merits or necessarily affects the judgment or order appealed from or which substantially affects the rights of a party"]; Leone v. Medical Board (2000) 22 Cal.4th 660, 668 [appellate court reviews and corrects errors in trial court orders and judgments]; Cahill v. San Diego Gas & Electric Co. (2011) 194 Cal.App.4th 939, 948 [appellate court may not review decisions not directly related to judgment or order being appealed].)
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In selecting a conservator for a proposed conservatee, a probate court exercises its
discretion and is "to be guided by what appears to be for the best interests of the proposed
conservatee." (§ 1812, subd. (a); see Conservatorship of Wendland (2001) 26 Cal.4th
519, 545.) We review an order appointing a conservator for abuse of discretion.
(Conservatorship of Ramirez (2001) 90 Cal.App.4th 390, 403; Guardianship of Mosier
(1966) 246 Cal.App.2d 164, 177.) "This standard is not met by merely arguing that a
different ruling would have been better." (Shaw v. County of Santa Cruz (2008) 170
Cal.App.4th 229, 281.) Rather, the party challenging the order must show the court
"exceeded the bounds of reason" (Shamblin v. Brattain (1988) 44 Cal.3d 474, 478); by
transgressing the confines of the applicable principles of law (Guardianship of K.S.
(2009) 177 Cal.App.4th 1525, 1534); or by otherwise acting in an arbitrary, capricious, or
patently absurd manner (R.H. v. Superior Court (2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 364, 374). "We
will reverse for abuse of discretion only if there was no reasonable basis for the trial
court's action." (Garcia v. County of Sacramento (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 67, 81.)
B. The Probate Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion by Appointing Donnelly Conservator of Ruth's Person and Estate
To determine whether the probate court abused its discretion when it appointed
Donnelly conservator of Ruth's person and estate, we first set out the general governing
principles. A proposed conservatee may nominate a conservator in the petition or in
some other signed writing if the proposed conservatee "has sufficient capacity at the time
to form an intelligent preference," and the court must appoint that nominee unless it finds
such appointment "is not in the best interests of the proposed conservatee." (§ 1810.) If
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the proposed conservatee has not properly nominated a conservator and no spouse,
domestic partner, parent, or sibling is under consideration, the order of preference for
appointment as conservator is (1) an adult child of the proposed conservatee or the child's
nominee; (2) any other person or entity eligible for appointment as a conservator under
the Probate Code, or under the Welfare and Institutions Code if no person or entity is
willing to act as a conservator. (§ 1812, subd. (b)(2), (5).) In a contested proceeding, the
selection of a conservator "necessarily entails making a factual determination of whether
or not the appointment of the proposed conservator will best serve the interests of the
proposed conservatee." (Conservatorship of Durham (1988) 205 Cal.App.3d 548, 554.)
Donnelly initially suggests there is a statutory preference for her appointment
because Ruth, through her attorney, nominated Donnelly as conservator. A probate court
must appoint a proposed conservatee's nominee as long as the proposed conservatee has
sufficient capacity to make the nomination, unless the court finds the nominee's
appointment is not in the proposed conservatee's best interests. (§ 1810; Conservatorship
of Ramirez, supra, 90 Cal.App.4th at pp. 400-401.) Here, the court did not make any
findings regarding Ruth's capacity or best interests. Although in such circumstances we
ordinarily would imply all findings necessary to support the order challenged on appeal,
we may do so only if the implied findings are supported by substantial evidence.
(Madera Oversight Coalition, Inc. v. County of Madera (2011) 199 Cal.App.4th 48, 66;
Jie v. Liang Tai Knitwear Co. (2001) 89 Cal.App.4th 654, 666 (Jie).) The only evidence
of Ruth's capacity — Dr. Addario's capacity declaration and psychiatric report —
establishes, however, that Ruth has dementia and severe impairment of judgment, and
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therefore does not have the capacity to make an intelligent preference regarding selection
of a conservator. Thus, the preference for a proposed conservatee's nominee prescribed
by section 1810 does not apply.
Without a nomination by Ruth entitled to statutory preference, the choice between
Stephan and Donnelly is subject to the standards prescribed by section 1812. When
nominees are "equally qualified in the opinion of the court," there is a statutory
preference, on which Stephan relies, for an adult child of the proposed conservatee over
an unrelated person eligible for appointment as a conservator. (§ 1812, subd. (b)(2),
(5).)4 Even if we assume, without deciding, that Stephan and Donnelly are equally
qualified to act as Ruth's conservator, the statutory preference for an adult child is not
controlling. Rather, the selection of a conservator "is solely in the discretion of the court
and, in making the selection, the court is to be guided by what appears to be for the best
interests of the proposed conservatee." (§ 1812, subd. (a).) Thus, although "statutory law
gives preference to spouses and other persons related to the conservatee [citation], who
might know something of the conservatee's [affairs], the law also permits the court in its
sole discretion to appoint unrelated persons and even public conservators."
(Conservatorship of Wendland, supra, 26 Cal.4th at p. 545.)
4 Stephan cites an unpublished decision of the First District Court of Appeal in support of this position and cites several other unpublished California appellate cases throughout his briefing. These citations are in clear violation of the California Rules of Court, which, with exceptions not applicable here, prohibit citation of unpublished opinions. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a).) Stephan "is to comply with rule 8.1115 in all future filings, or risk having his briefs rejected for filing." (Alviso v. Sonoma County Sheriff's Dept. (2010) 186 Cal.App.4th 198, 213, fn. 8.)
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Under the "best interests" standard, the record supports the probate court's decision
to appoint Donnelly instead of Stephan as Ruth's conservator. Donnelly's résumé
indicates she is qualified to act as a conservator based on her training; prior
administration of an estate; and more than 20 years of experience in probate,
conservatorship, guardianship, and trustee matters. Stephan, by contrast, admits in his
briefing that although he is an attorney, he is unfamiliar with estate administration
because "his main practice has become protecting consumers in plaintiff class actions."
Additionally, because Ruth lives in San Diego County, Donnelly, who works in San
Diego, is preferable to Stephan, who resides in Virginia. (See Guardianship of Brown
(1976) 16 Cal.3d 326, 336 ["[A] nonresident guardian of an incompetent may be
appointed. [Citation.] Our case law, however, establishes that such appointments are not
favored, and a resident guardian is preferred ' "unless some very strong reason [for the
appointment of a nonresident] is made to appear." ' "].) Finally, Ruth, through her
attorney, stated a desire that Stephan not be appointed her conservator; and documents
filed by Stephan and Hatter in the probate court indicate Stephan does not have a close
relationship with his mother and has a rancorous relationship with Hatter. Under these
circumstances, the probate court reasonably could decide that appointing a non-relative,
professional fiduciary to act as Ruth's conservator was preferable to appointing Stephan
to serve in that position. (See id. at p. 339 ["Where there is estrangement or, as in the
instant case, a long period of separation and infrequent communication, blood
relationship necessarily diminishes in importance."]; Prost v. Schuffman (Mo.Ct.App.
2006) 202 S.W.3d 41, 44 [good cause exceptions to preference for appointment of
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relatives over strangers as guardians include "dissension in the family" and "adverse
interest of the relative and the incapacitated person"]; In re Ollie D. (N.Y.App.Div. 2006)
30 A.D.3d 599, 600 [817 N.Y.S.2d 142, 143] ["bitter dissension between the
incapacitated person's family members justified the appointment of a neutral third-party
guardian"].)
In sum, substantial evidence supports the probate court's implied finding that
appointment of Donnelly instead of Stephan as Ruth's conservator was "for the best
interests of [Ruth]." (§ 1812, subd. (a); see Conservatorship of Ramirez, supra, 90
Cal.App.4th at p. 401 [best interests finding is reviewed for substantial evidence]; Jie,
supra, 89 Cal.App.4th at pp. 666-667 [implied finding supported by substantial evidence
was sufficient to support challenged order].) That decision "did not exceed the bounds of
reason, so the court did not abuse its discretion." (Blue Cross of California, Inc. v.
Superior Court (2009) 180 Cal.App.4th 1237, 1257.)
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DISPOSITION
The order appointing Donnelly general conservator of Ruth's person and estate is
affirmed.
IRION, J.
WE CONCUR:
BENKE, Acting P. J.
O'ROURKE, J.
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AI Brief
AI-generated · verify before citing
Holding. The court affirmed the appointment of a professional fiduciary as conservator over the proposed conservatee's son, finding the probate court acted within its discretion to serve the best interests of the conservatee.
Issues
Whether the probate court abused its discretion in appointing a professional fiduciary as conservator rather than the conservatee's son.
Whether the statutory preference for an adult child as conservator is absolute when the court determines a neutral party is in the conservatee's best interests.
Disposition. Affirmed
Quotations verified verbatim against the opinion
“In selecting a conservator for a proposed conservatee, a probate court exercises its discretion and is "to be guided by what appears to be for the best interests of the proposed conservatee."”
“We review an order appointing a conservator for abuse of discretion.”
“The order appointing Donnelly general conservator of Ruth's person and estate is affirmed.”